Questionable Statements by Qwest Official on Addressing Bird Strikes

A recent newspaper article about efforts to address bird-strikes in downtown Omaha included comments about the Qwest Center Omaha.

The president and CEO of the Metropolitan Entertainment and Convention Authority, Roger Dixon, was quoted as saying: "We are trying to do something."

A previous paragraph of the story said: "Instead Qwest officials have begun applying a decal of leaves to the inside of windows, he said. The method's effectiveness will be assessed during the migratory season."

MECA is responsible for management of the facility.

The article was published on November 23, 2009.

Statement Considered

With mid-afternoon weather conditions conducive for bicycling to downtown, a visit was made on Saturday, November 27, to look for decals at the west facade of the Qwest Center Omaha, as the news article said officials had started to apply decals.

Despite looking closely, there were no leaf decals apparent on any of the windows on the west side of the Qwest Center Omaha. Nothing was noted to indicate that the Qwest Center Omaha officials had made any effort despite the statement in the newspaper article.

Views of the west facade of the Qwest Center Omaha showing there are no decals that have been installed on the glass. Pictures taken the afternoon of November 28, 2009.

This visit was more than a week after the newspaper reporter had talked with Dixon, based on an email received indicating the deadline for the completion of the article.

It seems that officials of the Qwest Center Omaha are trying to do something, though it can be perceived as not what they claim?

According to personal experience, there are two particular details that convey how management officials are not trying to address the bird-strike problem:

1) Throwing bird carcasses into the trash to make certain that any bird strikes are not documented; and

2) Realization that no decals have been placed on windows of the facility, based on a visit.

The following items are pertinent to this situation:

• Qwest Center Omaha officials did not respond to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service request to address conditions causing bird strikes at their facility, based upon email correspondence in autumn 2008; nothing was done.
• Qwest Center officials have made previous accusations which were based on their perspective, with the accusatory statement completely wrong.
• Qwest Center Omaha officials require that security personnel throw any found bird carcasses into the trash, since early autumn 2009, based upon personal experience, as previously reported.
• Qwest Center Omaha officials stated that they are "trying to do something" when based upon a close investigation of the facility, there are no decals apparent upon the glass facade on the west side of the structure, despite a statement claiming this has been done, in the 23 November 2009 newspaper article.

It is also very questionable as to how there can be any valid assessment "during the migratory season" of the efficacy of any decals, by officials which have continually not undertaken any efforts to prevent numerous, and ongoing bird strikes.

This would be like having the "fox guarding the chickens," as there can be no independent evaluation of any changes following the installation of any measures to reduce strikes.

Officials can easily say there are fewer occurrence. Would any statement be based on the actual situation, or rather on what information that they want to convey.

The director of the MECA board has also not allowed any opportunity for response, as she did not responded to several phone messages. Mr. Dixon has made comments in an email, which were simply not true, in regards to pictorial documentation of carcasses of birds present on the west side of the Qwest Center Omaha.

There has not been any opportunity for communication, or discussion of the situation at this building, and what could be done to reduce the number of bird strikes.

It is not known what communications Qwest Center Omaha officials may have had with the F.W.S.

At the Qwest Center Omaha - the most hazardous building for migratory birds in Omaha, and based upon known instances of bird-strikes - there have been more than 225 casualties at this facility in 2008 and 2009.

The total number would be greater, but based on the recent conditions, security men throw any bird carcasses into the trash during their patrol in the early morning hours. This has meant that any strikes could not be documented,

A representative number for the strikes per year is 120 for this building, which was the tally in 2008. Bird-strikes have undoubtedly occurred ever since construction of the building was completed in ??.

The most important consideration is that something must be done to reduce the number of strikes and subsequent deaths of many types of migratory birds.

There is a profound and essential difference between talking about a problem, and then actually doing something about the situation.

Omaha Paper Reports on Efforts to Reduce Bird-strikes

Graphic by Dave Croy, Omaha World-Herald.

Click on the image to view the story about the efforts of the Omaha Public Power District to reduce birds strikes at their building in downtown Omaha. The story was issued on November 23, 2009.

Seasonal Bird Occurrence Given in 1863-1871 Reports of Department of Agriculture

One of the most consistent details given for the occurrence of a particular species of bird, is when it occurred and when it was observed. These two essential facts have nearly always been conveyed for a phantasmagorical array of sources dating several hundreds of years. Through the centuries, the manner in which any observation was indicated has consistently changed, and only in the last fifteen decades has there been attention given to the chronology of bird occurrence, and the seasonal conditions which can be conveyed.

Most of the early-history sources which document where and when particular bird species were noted are basic presentations summarizing the bird life present. Narratives of expeditions or explorations often mention a type of bird seen on a particular day of a journey, given with the intent of noting it was observed, without any particular focus on presence during different seasons or to determine a bird chronology. With an ongoing focus on avifauna during the historic decades, there was a subtle, yet profound shift in what was deemed to be important.

One of the most significant changes, was when bird watchers noted the seasonal occurrence of different species. This seems to be the primary focus of birding in the modern era, yet when nearly 150 years ago when this particular realm was just starting, it was an important feature of the seasons for a particular year, as represented in a government-issued, monthly meteorological report.

When the United States Department of Agriculture issued these documents, a primary topic was weather conditions, with notations on how temperatures, snow and storms and their attributed influence on dates when birds would appear, flowers would bloom or trees would bud. The notes were not based upon government efforts, but were derived from information contributed by a myriad of contributors, in many different states.

The first notes - based upon information sent to the Smithsonian Institution, then summarized in the Department of Agriculture reports - appeared in November 1863, from Iowa Falls, Iowa. Under the topic "Flight of Birds." it was reported:

• "Nov. 3. Iowa Falls. A great many geese and brants have passed over towards the south in the past few days.

• "Nov. 25. In the evening a large flock of geese and ducks flying north. They have been more plenty this fall than in former years."

Notes on the birds were typically very brief, but they nonetheless indicated when certain species were noted at a particular place ... the basic essentials. Only a few words conveyed any observation, but each account was enough to initiate a period where reports of seasonal bird occurrence - especially for spring - were reported and documented across a large region of several states.

These reports - based on the information given in the publications currently online - started in 1863, were already being abridged with the March, 1864 report, the text stating: "It has been found necessary to abridge the space allotted to this report, and therefore much material of a character similar to that which appeared in previous numbers has been omitted."

In the March, 1864 report is a simple table comparing when three particular species had been noted first in the spring during recent years. These convey only a few observations, but the overall details represent one of the first known comparisons of occurrence dates, based on several years of records. In this case from Winnebago, Illinois. The observer was - based on the name cited within the report - J.W. Tolman, whom provided records for a meteorological station for the Smithsonian Institution from 1858 to 1868, according to records of the museum. There are also 89 specimen records - from 1857 to 1865 - within the National Museum of Natural History Division of Birds Collections, representing more than 30 species.

Tolman was obviously a pioneer in more than one manner. In this table, the wild geese would undoubtedly be the Canada Goose, the blackbird the Red-winged Blackbird, and the obvious robin.

	1857	1858	1859	1860	1861	1862	1863	1864
First flight of wild geese northward	Feb. 27	Mar. 16	Mar. 2	Mar. 2	Mar. 1	...	Feb. 28	Mar. 8
First appearance of black bird	Mar. 24	Mar. 24	Mar. 13	Mar. 7	...	...	Mar. 17	Mar. 9
First appearance of robin	Mar. 20	Mar. 15	Feb. 25	Mar. 31	Mar. 26	...	...	Mar. 25

This table is distinctively unique, that in the subsequent reports, there was nothing similar published, probably due to the time and expense of issuing information in a printed document, even in this historic era.

In the first months, notes about the birds was given in a distinct section, titled "Appearance of Birds, Flowering of Plants, &c." This changed to where notable items were part of notes given about the weather.

The details were given in a standard format, based on location, starting in the northeast United States, then going southward and westward. For each place, comments were designated to a particular date.

Included in the reports were details that are important for determining further details on the observations. For example, a table showing the highest and lowest range of the thermometer, listed the observations stations in each state, its county and the observer, making it possible to determine the name of the contributor.

For example, in January, 1867, this is a tally of the reporting stations:

• Maine: 9 stations • New Hampshire: 5 stations • Vermont: 7 stations • Massachusetts: 13 • Rhode Island: 1 • Connecticut: 5 • New York: 29 • New Jersey: 12 • Pennsylvania: 19 • Delaware: 1 • Maryland: 5 • Virginia: 1 • West Virginia: 4 • North Carolina: 4 • South Carolina: 1 • Georgia: 1 • Alabama: 2 • Florida: 3 • Texas: 2

• Mississippi: 3 • Arkansas: 1 • Tennessee: 2 • Kentucky: 2 • Ohio: 24 • Michigan: 9 • Indiana: 9 • Illinois: 21 • Wisconsin: 10 • Minnesota: 5 • Iowa: 19 • Missouri: 6 • Kansas: 7 • Nebraska: 3; the stations and the observer, were: Elkhorn (or Elkhorn City, Washington County, though is attributed to Douglas County to conform to the current county name) - John S. Bowen; Bellevue (Sarpy County) - Rev. Wm. Hamilton; and Glendale (Cass County) - Dr. A.L. and Miss Child.

In compiling this essential information for knowing about historic ornithology, there were alternative spellings noted for some stations, and as shown with the Elkhorn or Elkhorn City locale, the county was wrong, based on the current situation. Upon determining the particular location for each station, one particular name was determined based on an evaluation of the instances within the source material, and a county was designated based upon the meteorology report or from modern maps.

Within the details are the particulars of records for nearly 60 different species. Some were noted many times, with others perhaps only mentioned a time or two. Noted most often was the robin, wild geese (a.k.a. Canada Goose), Eastern Bluebird, martin and blackbird. This is a list of the sixty species reported in the contributions, based on an analysis of the records, and an attribution of each notes to a particular species, when possible, based on the species originally designated, or other given factors:

Common Name - Number of Reports • Snow Goose - 5 • Canada Goose - 136 • Trumpeter Swan - 3 • Mallard - 1 • Greater Prairie-Chicken - 6 • California Quail - 1 • Northern Bobwhite - 2 • American Bittern - 1 • Great Blue Heron - 1 • Black-crowned Night-Heron - 2 • Turkey Vulture - 1 • Red-tailed Hawk - 1 • Sandhill Crane - 5 • Killdeer - 4 • Upland Sandpiper - 1 • Wilson's Snipe - 2 • American Woodcock - 2 • Mourning Dove - 7 • Passenger Pigeon - 14 • Chuck-will's-widow - 3 • Whip-poor-will - 34 • Chimney Swift - 9 • Ruby-throated Hummingbird - 5 • Belted Kingfisher - 6 • Yellow-bellied Sapsucker - 1 • Northern Flicker - 4 • Eastern Phoebe - 20 • Eastern Kingbird - 2 • Blue Jay - 6 • American Crow - 24 • Common Raven - 1

• Horned Lark - 1 • Purple Martin - 50 • Bank Swallow - 5 • Cliff Swallow - 1 • Barn Swallow - 13 • Black-capped Chickadee - 2 • Tufted Titmouse - 1 • White-breasted Nuthatch - 1 • Carolina Wren - 1 • House Wren - 5 • Eastern Bluebird - 126 • American Robin - 167 • Gray Catbird - 3 • Northern Mockingbird - 5 • Cedar Waxwing - 4 • Eastern Towhee - 1 • Fox Sparrow - 1 • Song Sparrow - 6 • Dark-eyed Junco - 4 • Northern Cardinal - 4 • Bobolink - 21 • Red-winged Blackbird - 45 • Eastern Meadowlark - 18 • Common Grackle - 5 • Baltimore Oriole - 4 • Purple Finch - 2 • Red Crossbill - 1 • American Goldfinch - 2

Records for these species along with other notations, are available from 33 states, during the years 1864 to 1871 (the number indicates the number of reports):

State	1864	1865	1866	1867	1868	1869	1870	1871
Alabama	-	-	-	-	2	-	4	1
California	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	-
Connecticut	-	-	-	1	4	-	6	3
Delaware	2	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Florida	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-
Georgia	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Illinois	15	1	19	2	12	-	26	4
Indiana	11	-	1	1	6	-	19	1
Iowa	46	-	34	-	10	-	8	4
Kansas	2	-	1	-	-	-	17	2
Kentucky	-	-	2	-	1	-	1	1
Louisiana	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1
Maine	12	1	-	-	12	-	19	6
Maryland	9	-	4	-	2	-	2	2
Massachusetts	11	2	5	3	17	-	20	1
Michigan	13	1	5	-	2	-	9	5
Minnesota	-	-	1	-	1	-	6	1
Mississippi	-	-	-	-	4	-	6	2
Missouri	5	-	9	-	-	4	9	2
Montana	-	-	-	-	-	-	6	-
Nebraska	5	-	3	1	3	-	7	-
New Hampshire	5	-	3	1	1	-	4	2
New Jersey	-	-	1	-	6	-	11	-
New York	22	-	4	-	7	-	38	4
North Carolina	-	-	-	-	3	-	2	-
Ohio	10	-	19	2	7	-	17	11
Pennsylvania	51	-	12	-	9	1	29	7
South Carolina	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	-
Tennessee	2	-	-	-	1	-	2	1
Texas	-	-	-	-	2	-	2	-
Vermont	10	-	1	1	3	-	15	-
Virginia	-	-	1	-	6	-	6	9
Wisconsin	18	-	10	-	4	1	10	-

All of the reports are from the United States of America, except for one instance from St. John, New Brunswick, Canada.

States such as Massachusetts and Illinois had regular contributions throughout the period. It was not until 1870 that information was sent in from the western states, such as Montana and California.

Some records - considering Nebraska for example - were first noted in 1864 and 1866, before the state had ven been established. Even in subsequent reports for this region, for one reporter from the Santee Agency along the very eastern extent of the Niobrara River, the county was designated as L'Eau Qui Court, which is a historic name for the river, and apparently a temporary county name, but was actually within the modern Knox County.

Origin of Bird Occurrence Reports

This rich source of bird occurrence details - contributing more than 800 records to the historic ornithology of North America - came to an end in a final issue of details for December 1871, given in the January 1872 report. In the next month: "The publication of the meteorological tables in the monthly is from this date discontinued, by direction of the Commissioner of Agriculture."

Thus ended the many reports for when a number of seasonal notes about when different birds species occurred. It would be several years until there would be an alternative, published source giving particulars of bird phenology on a wide-spread basis.

Records given in the reports from the different weather stations are presented in the following table, which includes only the information presented from 1863 to 1872. There are 256 localities represented in this list which is presented in alphabetical order for the given state of the records:

Site Designation	1863	1864	1865	1866	1867	1868	1869	1870	1871
Coatopa, Alabama	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1
Havana, Alabama	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Opelika, Alabama	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Rockville, Alabama	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	-
Cahto, California	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Vacaville, California	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Colebrook, Connecticut	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-
Columbia, Connecticut	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	3	-
Middletown, Connecticut	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Southington, Connecticut	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	3
Waterbury, Connecticut	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-
Milford, Delaware	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Wilmington, Delaware	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lake City, Florida	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-
Athens, Georgia	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Augusta, Illinois	-	3	-	-	-	2	-	-	-
Charleston, Illinois	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Dubois, Illinois	-	-	-	4	-	1	-	4	2
Galesburg, Illinois	-	3	-	2	-	-	-	-	-
Golconda, Illinois	-	-	-	1	-	1	-	-	-
Hennepin, Illinois	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	-
Loami, Illinois	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-
Magnolia, Illinois	-	-	-	-	-	6	-	-	-
Manchester, Illinois	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Marengo, Illinois	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	2	-
Mount Sterling, Illinois	-	-	-	3	2	1	-	2	-
Oquawka, Illinois	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Ottawa, Illinois	-	1	-	5	-	1	-	3	-
Pekin, Illinois	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Sandwich, Illinois	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
South Pass, Illinois	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	-
Tiskilwa, Illinois	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	-
Upper Alton, Illinois	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Waverly, Illinois	-	2	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Winnebago, Illinois	2	3	-	-	-	-	-	4	-
Aurora, Indiana	-	-	-	-	-	4	-	2	-
Columbia City, Indiana	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	2	-
Knightstown, Indiana	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Laconia, Indiana	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Louisville, Indiana	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	-
Merom, Indiana	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	1
Muncie, Indiana	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
New Albany, Indiana	-	6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
New Castle, Indiana	-	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Rensselaer, Indiana	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Vevay, Indiana	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	5	-
Algona, Iowa	-	3	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Boonesboro, Iowa	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	2	-
Ceres, Iowa	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-
Clinton, Iowa	-	-	-	1	-	2	-	2	1
Davenport, Iowa	-	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	-
Des Moines, Iowa	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Dubuque, Iowa	-	2	-	1	-	1	-	-	-
Fontanelle, Iowa	-	-	-	-	-	4	-	-	1
Fort Madison, Iowa	-	6	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Independence, Iowa	-	-	-	2	-	1	-	1	1
Iowa Falls, Iowa	4	16	-	13	-	-	-	-	-
Lyons, Iowa	-	3	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Madison, Iowa	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Manchester, Iowa	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	-
Monticello, Iowa	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	1
Mount Pleasant, Iowa	-	11	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Muscatine, Iowa	-	2	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Onawa, Iowa	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Pleasant Plain, Iowa	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Waukon, Iowa	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
West Bend, Iowa	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Atchison, Kansas	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Burlington, Kansas	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	-
Fort Riley, Kansas	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Holton, Kansas	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	-
Lawrence, Kansas	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Neosha Falls, Kansas	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Paola, Kansas	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	-
Plum Grove, Kansas	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Williamstown, Kansas	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Chilesburg, Kentucky	-	-	-	2	-	1	-	-	-
Shelby City, Kentucky	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1
New Orleans - Mississippi River	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Ponchatoula, Louisiana	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Cornish, Maine	-	3	-	-	-	3	-	4	2
Houlton, Maine	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Lee, Maine	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lisbon, Maine	-	4	-	-	-	3	-	2	-
Norway, Maine	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	3	-
Standish, Maine	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	1
Steuben, Maine	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
West Waterville, Maine	-	1	1	-	-	3	-	5	2
Williamsburg, Maine	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	2	1
Catonsville, Maryland	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-
Frederick City, Maryland	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Sykesville, Maryland	-	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Woodlawn, Maryland	-	-	-	1	-	2	-	2	2
Amherst, Massachusetts	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-
Billerica, Massachusetts	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Georgetown, Massachusetts	-	-	1	4	-	1	-	-	-
Kingston, Massachusetts	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	2	-
Mendon, Massachusetts	-	4	1	-	-	-	-	3	-
New Bedford, Massachusetts	-	4	-	1	-	2	-	1	1
Newbury, Massachusetts	-	-	-	-	-	3	-	-	-
North Billerica, Massachusetts	-	-	-	-	3	-	-	5	-
Richmond, Massachusetts	-	-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-
Sandwich, Massachusetts	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Topsfield, Massachusetts	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Westfield, Massachusetts	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Williamstown, Massachusetts	-	-	-	-	-	4	-	4	-
Worchester, Massachusetts	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Adrian, Michigan	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Alpena, Michigan	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	-
Ann Arbor, Michigan	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2
Detroit, Michigan	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	1
Homestead, Michigan	-	-	1	3	-	-	-	-	-
Lansing, Michigan	-	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Litchfield, Michigan	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	1	-
Northport, Michigan	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1
Ontonagon, Michigan	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Oshtemo, Michigan	-	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Pontiac, Michigan	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Thunder Bay Island, Michigan	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-
Forest City, Minnesota	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Koniska, Minnesota	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	-
Litchfield, Minnesota	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Madelia, Minnesota	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Minneapolis, Minnesota	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	2	-
Brookhaven, Mississippi	-	-	-	-	-	4	-	4	2
Enterprise, Mississippi	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Marion, Mississippi	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Athens, Missouri	-	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	-
Canton, Missouri	-	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Edinburg, Missouri	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Fox Creek, Missouri	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Hematite, Missouri	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	5	2
Oregon, Missouri	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	-
Rolla, Missouri	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
St. Louis - Missouri River	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Wyaconda Prairie, Missouri	-	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-
Deer Lodge City, Montana Territory	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	-
Missoula Mills, Montana Territory	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Bellevue, Nebraska	-	1	-	2	-	-	-	-	-
Blair, Nebraska	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Elkhorn City, Nebraska	-	4	-	-	-	2	-	-	-
Glendale, Nebraska	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-
Nebraska City, Nebraska	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6	-
St. John, New Brunswick	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Concord, New Hampshire	-	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	-
North Littleton, New Hampshire	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Shelburne, New Hampshire	-	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Stratford, New Hampshire	-	1	-	-	1	1	-	1	2
Tamworth, New Hampshire	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	-
Greenwich, New Jersey	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	1	-
New Brunswick, New Jersey	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Newfield, New Jersey	-	-	-	-	-	6	-	8	-
Vineland, New Jersey	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Buffalo, New York	-	3	-	1	-	-	-	3	-
Cooperstown, New York	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Depauville, New York	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	3	-
Fort Ann, New York	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Geneva, New York	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-
Germantown, New York	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Gouverneur, New York	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	-
Houseville, New York	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Jamestown, New York	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Leyden, New York	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	-
Little Genesee, New York	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Minaville, New York	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-
Moriches, New York	-	1	-	1	-	-	-	4	1
Nichols, New York	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
North Hammond, New York	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	1
Palermo, New York	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	1
Rochester, New York	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Schenectady, New York	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Skaneateles, New York	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
South Hartford, New York	-	3	-	-	-	2	-	-	1
South Trenton, New York	-	4	-	-	-	-	-	3	-
Utica, New York	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Wilson, New York	-	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Albemarle, North Carolina	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-
Granville, North Carolina	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Kenansville, North Carolina	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Austinburg, Ohio	-	1	-	2	-	-	-	-	-
Bowling Green, Ohio	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2
Carson, Ohio	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Cleveland, Oh.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	1
East Fairfield, Ohio	-	1	-	2	-	-	-	-	-
Gambier, Ohio	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Greenwich Station, Ohio	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Jacksonburg, Ohio	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	-
Kelley's Island, Ohio	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Martin's Ferry, Ohio	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Milnersville, Ohio	-	-	-	8	-	-	-	-	-
New Lisbon, Ohio	-	-	-	4	-	2	-	2	-
North Bass Island, Ohio	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3
North Fairfield, Ohio	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	2
Painesville, Ohio	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Portsmouth, Ohio	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Salem, Ohio	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	2
Sandusky, Ohio	-	-	-	-	-	3	-	3	-
Urbana, Ohio	-	3	-	2	-	-	-	-	-
Welshfield, Ohio	-	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Blooming Grove, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-
Brownsville, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Canonsburg, Pennsylvania	-	8	-	2	-	2	-	3	1
Carlisle, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Connellsville, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	3	-	1	-	3	2
Dyberry, Pennsylvania	-	26	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Egypt, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Ephrata, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	2	-
Factoryville, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Fallsington, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Fleming, Pennsylvania	-	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Fountain Dale, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Horsham, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	1	-
Murrysville, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-
Nazareth, Penn.	-	5	-	2	-	-	-	-	-
Nyces, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	5	-
Reading, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1
Tioga, Pennsylvania	-	7	-	-	-	1	-	1	1
White Hall, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Williamsport, Pennsylvania	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	-
Bluffton, South Carolina	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Holland's Store, South Carolina	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	-
Chattanooga, Tennessee	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Elizabethton, Tennessee	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	2	1
Austin, Texas	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Gilmer, Texas	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Oakland, Texas	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Brandon, Vermont	-	3	-	-	1	-	-	-	-
Castleton, Vermont	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Craftsbury, Vermont	-	1	-	-	-	3	-	-	-
East Bethel, Vermont	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Lunenburg, Vermont	-	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Newport, Vermont	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
North Craftsburg, Vermont	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Panton, Vermont	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Randolph, Vermont	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Rutland, Vermont	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
St. Albans, Vermont	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
West Charlotte, Vermont	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	-
Woodstock, Vermont	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	-
Bacon's Castle, Virginia	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Hampton, Virginia	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
Johnsontown, Virginia	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	3
Lynchburg, Virginia	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Piedmont, Virginia	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	2
Surry Court House, Virginia	-	-	-	-	-	3	-	-	1
Vienna, Virginia	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Wytheville, Virginia	-	-	-	1	-	2	-	-	2
Zuni Station, Virginia	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Bristol, Wisconsin	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Embarrass, Wisconsin	-	7	-	7	-	1	1	5	-
Fort Madison, Wisconsin	-	-	-	-	-	3	-	-	-
Green Bay, Wisconsin	-	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Manitowoc, Wisconsin	-	2	-	2	-	-	-	3	-
Mosinee, Wisconsin	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
Waupacca, Wisconsin	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Weyauwega, Wisconsin	-	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

What a fine bunch of material these contributors provide. It is of foremost importance in considering bird migration and the essential dates of occurrence in a period when these particulars were not recorded, and thus are not otherwise available.