Nine Mile Prairie Visited

It was one of those rare days when nature truly shows her splendor. it was April 8th when I made a visit to Nine-mile prairie. The day was cool, slightly windy with fluffy cumulus clouds floating overhead. Upon getting out of the car, there was an immediate difference noted. Gone was the noise of civilization. It had been replaced by the subdued sounds of nature.

Heading south from the road the walk towards the ravine was accompanied by the musical song of the meadowlarks as they proclaimed to all who heard that this was their territory and was not to be taken away. Another avian species also making their presence known was the black-capped chickadee. The clear chick-a-dee-dee-dee of this little member of the titmice family directed ones attention to their antics as they busily searched for early season insects on the trees. Only a flash of white through the brush diverted attention from the birds. Was it deer? Quiet stalking to a lookout up a tree brought the answer. Five white-tailed deer could be seen trying to escape unnoticed. With the lack of cover on the grassy areas preventing this the whitetails bounded off to the south. Continuing up the draw and hiking along a small gently flowing stream, two large raptors were flushed from the decaying snag of a tree. As the great horned owls flew out of sight a look at the base of the tree revealed that these denizens of the night had been feeding on birds. Feather remains under the owls perch showed that possibly meadowlarks were one of the recent meals. With the trees of the draw giving way to the dull brown of the still dormant grasses, changing weather captured my attention. the white fluffy cumulus clouds had given way to dark stormy clouds coming in from the west. With the look of potential rain a hurried walk back to the car was begun. Nature wouldn't wait and soon a light drizzle began to fall. Lasting but a few moments the water droplets served to create one of the most beautiful sights in nature. It was a rainbow. The colored bands of this wonder arched across the entire eastern sky. With the dark backdrop of the storm clouds which had passed over this colorful phenomenon created the perfect setting for the end of a visit to an area which has surely been a part of this occurrence many times before.

May 1979. Babbling Brook, page 4. Newsletter of the Wachiska Audubon Society.

Helping Lincoln's Chimney Swifts

In considering the built environment of the city, there is an elegant resident little known to most residents. These feathered bugeaters course the day skies, being a neighbor and benefit to the people.

Chimney swifts dwell among us, and have for the generations that built a cityscape that has continuous change of building removal and rebuilding due to community improvement and revitalization. Many square blocks in Lincoln are now being changed by this process. About 80 square blocks are part of the rapidly changing north downtown area in Omaha.

Currently in Lincoln, this process is having a dramatic impact on swifts. My surveys of the Joint Antelope Authority project in east downtown indicate chimneys used by swifts in the project area. Several buildings scheduled to be removed have chimneys used these June weeks by swifts. Other homes, some likely suitable for swifts, have already been recently removed.

This dramatic loss if bird habitat needs to be mitigated. The situation has been a point of discussion with Lincoln and Omaha city officials, university staff, and the press.

As a result of several communications with the mayor's office in Lincoln, there is agreement on providing some towers. The type of structure and locations have not been decided. The mayor's office has also express interest in providing community fund monies to build towers if they are installed and maintained by the public. The same material has been sent to the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and the general manager of the Lower Platte South NRD. No response has been received from either of these other [JAVA] project sponsors.

Providing swift towers and perhaps even creating a group of towers in a close area — a bugeater park — can be a grand community project. Help is needed to build towers and put them in place. The means for minor maintenance needs to be considered for the future. Perhaps Wachiska members would like to be involved in this exciting endeavor?

Efforts will be needed to convince planners and builders that chimneys should be included with new construction to ensure ongoing swift habitat. This facet could be especially useful when the three-block square locale at the East Downtown Community Park is built in the coming months. Proposed buildings on the west side include facilities which could include a bugeater home, especially useful at removing insect pests at a place where people gather to enjoy the scene.

Chimney swifts are an asset to the community. We need to help them. They help us. There birds are an important asset to a vibrant and distinct urban community.

Bring on the towers. Go bugeaters!

August 2005. Babbling Brook 14(8): 4. Newsletter of the Wachiska Audubon Society.

Proposed WMA Name an Oxymoron

Having been at the proposed wma acquisition along the Niobrara River south of Nenzel, it is a very familiar place where more than twenty bird surveys have been done during the past decade. It was exciting to hear of its potential acquisition, an effort which can only be appreciated and strongly supported.

There is however, one point of strong disagreement, and that is the proposed name: Chat Canyon WMA.

The name was selected because "there is an unnamed canyon that comes into the valley on the property on the north side," according to a Nebraska Game and Parks Commission staff member, in response to my email inquiry.

Including chat in the name is appropriate because the species occurs there and the site was the locale for chat research.

It is the selection of canyon which is misleading and an oxymoron. Aerial photos and topographic maps indicate the canyon, but only a short section of its southern extent is on the tract. There is much more valley than canyon included among the property parcels.

Also, canyon refers to a land feature where chats would not be expected. Chats prefer the valley, almost to the exclusion of any upland such as the canyon, because these birds prefer deciduous vegetation to coniferous on the upland.

The Niobrara River valley is the most important chat habitat and to the primary extent of the area.

A more suitable name would be Chat Valley WMA. This alternative is preferential as it better reflects those features associated with the Yellow-breasted Chat.

The following elevation map indicates the approximate extent of the canyon included within the area proposed for acquisition. It measures about 15-1600 linear feet (indicated by the yellowish line), while the entire canyon is about 6600 feet in length. So, only about 25% of the canyon extent is within the parcel being considered.

This is another reason using canyon as a named features indicates a land feature which is only partially within the confines of the proposed wma, and more associated with the neighbor's property, perhaps leading people to think the canyon is publicly accessible.

Louisville Game Market - December 1863

Louisville, Dec. 30, 1863.

Game of nearly all kinds is abundant in our markets, and the trade in it is considerable. The following are our quotations:

Wholesale Prices.
		Buying.
Saddle Venison ...		15 c per lb.
Wild Geese ...		50 c each.
Wild Turkeys ...		75 c @ $1.25 each.
Brants ...		40 c each.
Wild Ducks	Canvasback ...	none in market.
	Mallard ...	$2.50 per doz.
	Black ...	$ 3 per doz.
	Redhead ...	$2.50 per doz.
	Bluewing Teal ...	$1.75 per doz.
Pheasants ...		$3.50 per doz.
Quails ...		$1.25 per doz.
Rabbits ...		$1.25 per doz.
Squirrels ...		$1 per doz.
Grouse ...		$4.00 per doz.
Retail Prices.
		Selling.
Saddle Venison ...		20 @ 25 c per lb.
Wild Geese ...		75 c each
Wild Turkeys ...		75 c @ $2 each.
Brants ...		50 @ 75 c each.
Wild Ducks	Canvasback ...	none in market.
	Mallard ...	50 @ 75 c per pair.
	Black ...	$1 per pair.
	Redhead ...	75 c per pair.
	Bluewing Teal ...	50 @ 75 c per pair.
Grouse ...		$4.50 per doz.
Pheasants ...		$4.50 per doz.
Quails ...		$1.50 per doz.
Rabbits ...		$1.50 per doz.
Squirrels ...		$1.25 per doz.

December 31, 1863. Louisville Daily Democrat 20(143): 3.

---

This account of market prices is especially significant because it has both wholesale and retail prices. Most reports typically provide only the wholesale price. No similar reports were found after browsing through other nearby issues of this newspaper.

The "brants" listed here are likely the Snow Goose (or other species, although the Greater White-fronted Goose was often called the "speckle-bellied goose"), as they they would probably not at Louisville, along the Ohio River, be the Brant typical of the Atlantic coast. Grouse are designated as the Greater Prairie Chicken and the pheasant as the Ruffed Grouse. This far east, it is not likely that there would have been any Sharp-tailed Grouse, which with their long-tail, could represent pheasants.

These advertisements from the same newspaper, though a different issue, feature businesses which offered various sorts of game meat during the season.

February, 1856

November, 1863

Spring - A Poem from 1866

By Mrs. Clara H. Holmes.

Bright spring is here, and bashful March

His welcome opening, freely brings,

Of balmy winds from Southern lands,

And golden sunshine over us flings.

Beneath his kiss the starry eyes

Of blue forget-me-nots grow bright;

Though still beneath the last year's leaves

They hide their faces in affright;

And March at times so beautiful grows

He gives us back old winter's snows.

 

Fickle April, short-lived queen,

Will seize the abducted thrones,

And rule the earth in wayward mood,

With smiles and tears alternate shower;

Her emerald wreath thick set with gems,

Of purple, blue and gold combined,

On maple bough and willow lithe

Her gaily tasseled scepter find

The slender blades of meadow grass

Her footsteps kiss as on they pass.

 

The younger sister, smiling May,

The peach and apple buds will kiss,

And, waking from their sleeping, they

Will blush with life and bliss;

The honey bee, with happy hum,

Will woo the fair and fragrant flowers,

The blue bird and the robin come

With song to glorify the hours.

Then over serene May's early tomb

June's crimson roses bud and bloom.

April 4, 1866. Louisville Weekly Courier 20(1018): 1.

How Indians Catch Eagles - Dacotah Territory

The son of a physician of Dubuque, who is now stationed at Fort Buford, Dacotah Territory, has written a long letter to his father giving some interesting items with regard to the Indians. An extract is appended:

The camp of Indians which we visited were chiefly engaged in catching war eagles, to make head dresses. They have a wooden lodge built in the camp, where the medicine ceremony necessary to catch is performed. No women is allowed to enter the lodge. They can come to the door and hand in provisions, but must not cross the threshold. You will not be allowed to spit on the floor, and must sit in a certain position of the lodge. You must enter and pass out at the north door. Wash and I were let in to see the ceremonies.

When a man goes to trap the eagles, he first goes to the medicine lodge, and is not allowed to go to sleep until midnight; he then eats a little and sleeps until the morning star rises. He, with his comrades, then go out to the traps without food or drink, and sit all day in the traps watching for the eagles. At night they return and enter the medicine lodge, and at midnight only do they eat and drink, and break their long fast of twenty-four hours' duration. They then are allowed to sleep until dawn, when they go out again, and stay four days, during which time they have food and drink four times and have never entered their own lodges or spoken to their friends, unless each as may be trapping with them. After the four days are up, they go back to their lodges, lean, and tired and sleepy, and sleep and eat and hunt deer until they are able to try another four days' trapping excursion. The eagles are brought alive into the camp, and after some ceremony the tails are pulled out, and they are let go to grow another tail for the next year. The traps consist of a hole in the ground covered with sticks and grass. A dead rabbit, fox or prairie chicken is tied to the top; the eagle swoops down and fasten his claws into it and tries to fly away with it, but the Indian (who is concealed in the hole) puts out his hand, catches the eagle by both legs, hauls him into the hole and ties him. He then fixes the top and waits for another eagle. We saw one man there who had caught six eagles in one day in this way.

They say if they do not fast and do their medicine properly, the eagle will get one of his claws loose and tear their hands. Some have had their hands ruined forever in this way. If a man does not catch an eagle during the day, he is obliged to moan and cry all night; we could hardly sleep with the noise made at night by the unsuccessful hunters.

Anonymous. June 14, 1872. How Indians catch eagles. Cuthbert Appeal 6(24): 1.

Lines to a Red-Bird - A Poem from 1873

Little, bird, so full of gladness,

Singing sweetly in yon tree,

Naught to thee is known of sadness,

Thou a wild-wood warbler free.

 

Night but brings thee rest and slumber,

Sitting by thy russet mate,

Pleasures only without number,

Crown thee, birdie, soon or late.

 

While at heart I wear the willow,

Pretty bird I envy thee;

Tears bedew my nightly pillow,

Soothing sleep comes not to me.

 

Had I like thee bright pinions,

Soon I'd fly across the sea,

seeking in those far dominions

Balm to make this anguish flee.

 

I would seek no more the dwelling

where we first together met;

Then my heart with joy was swelling,

Now it feels but vain regret.

 

Birdie, hush thy joyous singing!

Sick my heart turns, at thy lay!

Go, sweet bird! thy bright form winging,

To some happier home — away!

Inez. June 20, 1873. Cuthbert Appeal 7(25): 2. Written for the Cuthbert Appeal.

Newspapers Reviewed During Evaluation of Wildbirds History

Numerous newspapers issued at communities across the continental United States have articles or notes with important details about the occurrence of wildbirds during historic times. After a multi-year effort to find pertinent articles with informative details, more than 770 newspapers are known to have information essential to any evaluation of wildbirds history associated with North American ornithology.

More than 3100 unique citations have provided more than 6400 distinct records for 285 species, with the first known newspaper mention of birds from A.D. 1675. The period of consideration is basically anything prior to 1885, though some records of particular interest are included for a few subsequent years. Every record is prior to 1890. Each item when added to a relational database includes a distinct citation, species identification, site of occurrence, date when observed using the best available detail and a summary of the given details which is given as a record notation.

These are the species most notably mentioned: Passenger Pigeon (953 records from 97 years, with the first known mention in A.D. 1675, with records for every year subsequent to 1826); Greater Prairie Chicken (446 records for 49 years, with the first record from 1790, and noted every year starting in 1850); Bald Eagle (395); Canada Goose (271); Northern Bobwhite (227); Wild Turkey (160); Snowy Owl (145); American Robin (143); Eastern Bluebird (133); Mallard (100); Wilson's Snipe (91); American Woodcock (89); and, Sandhill Crane (89). The most recent addition was the Purple Gallinule from Florida.

Some of the articles don't mention a species at a particular site at some time, but are included since they are an indicative presentation of bird history, perhaps being a distinct poem. Many of these articles have been transcribed and are available elsewhere on Wildbirds Broadcasting.

It is quite profound to ponder how records for each species could be evaluated within their own context. Consider how the historic records for the Passenger Pigeon could be mapped, based upon time and location details. And then the same information could be presented for each of the other species. It could and should be an essential aspect for the history of ornithology in northern America.

Each of these newspapers have articles, which were found, primarily, based upon a word or word-string search — preferably finding any of the words, or the exact phrase — using more than 100 different search terms. In a few rare instances, each page of a few issues of a newspaper has none-the-less been individually evaluated to determine if there were bird records; and in some instances this time consuming evaluation has been successful. It would, however, require a page-by-page review to find every available record conveyed on the pages of the nations newspapers. This would certainly require a massive amount of time!

This is the list of reviewed newspapers, as of mid-July, 2013, with additional papers from Canada not included in this list. Changes will occur as new sources are found since additional newspaper archival sites become available:

Alabama, U.S.A.

Birmingham Iron Age; Birmingham

Arizona, U.S.A.

Arizona Citizen; Tucson, Pima County

Arizona Sentinel; Yuma, Pima County

Tombstone Epitaph; Tombstone

Arkansas, U.S.A.

Arkansas Gazette; Little Rock

Fort Smith Elevator; Fort Smith

California, U.S.A.

California Farmer and Journal of Useful Sciences; San Francisco

Daily Alta California; San Francisco

Golden Era; San Francisco

Livermore Herald; Livermore, Alameda County

Los Angeles Herald; Los Angeles

Pacific Rural Press; San Francisco

Sacramento Record; Sacramento

Sacramento Record Union; Sacramento

Sacramento Union; Sacramento

Colorado, U.S.A.

Alamosa Journal; Alamosa, Alamosa County

Black Hawk Mining Journal; Black Hawk

Boulder County Courier; Boulder, Boulder County

Central City Evening Call; Central City

Central City Register; Central City, Gilpin County

Central City Register-Call; Central City, Gilpin County

Chaffee County Times; Buena Vista, Chaffee County

Colorado Banner; Boulder, Boulder County

Colorado Chieftain; Pueblo, Pueblo County

Colorado Springs Gazette and El Paso County News; Colorado Springs

Colorado Transcript; Golden, Jefferson County

Fort Collins Courier; Fort Collins

Fort Collins Standard; Fort Collins

Fort Morgan Times; Fort Morgan, Weld County

Georgetown Courier; Georgetown, Clear Creek County

Rocky Mountain News; Denver, Denver County

Silver Cliff Herald; Silver Cliff, Custer County

Connecticut, U.S.A.

American Mercury; Hartford

Bridgeport Evening Farmer; Bridgeport, Fairfield County

Connecticut Courant; Hartford

Connecticut Herald; New Haven

Connecticut Journal; New Haven

Connecticut Mirror; Hartford

East Haddam Journal; East Haddam, Middlesex County

Litchfield Monitor; Litchfield

Litchfield Republican; Litchfield

Middlesex Gazette; Middletown

New Haven Gazette; New Haven

New Haven Palladium; New Haven, New Haven County

New Milford Journal; New Milford, Litchfield County

Norwich Courier; Norwich

Southport Times; Southport, Fairfield County

State Temperance Journal; New London, New London County

Tolland County Press; Stafford Springs, Tolland County

Williamantic Journal; Willimantic, Whidham County

Delaware, U.S.A.

Delaware Advertiser and Farmers Journal; Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware

Wilmingtonian and Delaware Advertiser; Wilmington, Delaware

District of Columbia, U.S.A.

National Intelligencer; Washington, District of Columbia

National Republican; Washington, District of Columbia

Washington Evening Critic; Washington, District of Columbia

Washington Globe; Washington, District of Columbia

Washington National Intelligencer; Washington, District of Columbia

Georgia, U.S.A.

Albany Patriot; Albany, Dougherty County

Americus Recorder; Americus, Sumter County

Athens Banner; Athens

Athens Banner-Watchman; Athens

Athens Georgian; Athens

Athens Messenger; Athens

Atlanta Constitution; Atlanta

Atlanta Herald; Atlanta

Atlanta Intelligencer; Atlanta

Atlanta Opinion; Atlanta

Atlanta Sun; Atlanta

Columbus Enquirer; Columbus

Columbus Enquirer-Sun; Columbus

Columbus Sun and Enquirer; Columbus

Cuthbert Appeal; Cuthbert, Randolph County

Dublin Post; Dublin

Farmer's Gazette; Sparta

Federal Union; Milledgeville, Baldwin County

Georgia Journal; Macon

Georgia Weekly Telegraph; Macon

Macon Daily Telegraph; Macon

Macon Telegraph and Messenger; Macon

Marietta Register; Mariette

Milledgeville Union and Recorder; Milledgeville, Baldwin County

Southern Banner; Athens

Southern Recorder; Milledgeville, Baldwin County

Southern Watchman; Athens

Southern Whig; Athens

Sumter Republican; Americus, Sumter County

Sunny South; Atlanta

The Country; Georgia

Thomasville Times; Thomasville, Thomas County

Weekly Columbus Enquirer; Columbus

Weekly Georgia Telegraph; Macon

Illinois, U.S.A.

Alton Courier; Alton, Madison County

Alton Observer; Alton

Alton Telegraph; Alton, Madison County

Cairo Bulletin; Cairo

Decatur Review; Decatur, Macon County

Edwardsville Intelligencer; Edwardsville

Freeport Bulletin; Freeport, Stephenson County

Hyde Park Herald; Hyde Park

Logansport Pharos Tribune; Logansport, Hamilton County

Monmouth Collegian; Monmouth College, Warren County

Mount Carmel Register; Mount Carmel

Olney Times; Olney, Richland County

Ottawa Free Trader; Ottawa, LaSalle County

Quincy Herald; Quincy

Quincy Journal; Quincy

Quincy Whig; Quincy

Quincy Whig and Republican; Quincy

Sterling Gazette; Sterling

Sterling Standard; Sterling, Whiteside County

Sycamore True Republican; Sycamore, De Kalb County

Indiana, U.S.A.

Bedford Star; Bedford, Lawrence County

Brownstown Banner; Brownstown

Cambridge City Tribune; Cambridge City, Wayne County

Connersville Examiner; Connersville, Fayette County

Connersville Times; Connersville, Fayette County

Crown Point Register; Crown Point

Danville Hendricks County Republican 1887; Danville, Hendricks County

Danville Hendricks County Union; Danville, Hendricks County

Dawsons Fort Wayne Tribune; Fort Wayne, Allen County

Delphi Times; Delphi, Carroll County

Elkhart Democratic Union; Elkhart, Elkhart County

Elkhart Monitor; Elkhart, Elkhart County

Elkhart Observer; Elkhart, Elkhart County

Fort Wayne Democrat; Fort Wayne

Fort Wayne Gazette; Fort Wayne, Allen County

Fort Wayne Sentinel; Fort Wayne, Allen County

Greencastle Banner; Greencastle, Putnam County

Indiana Press; Greencastle, Putnam County

Jasper Courier; Jasper, Jasper County

Jeffersonville Evening News; Jeffersonville, Clark County

Jeffersonville National Democrat; Jeffersonville, Clark County

Jeffersonville News; Jeffersonville, Clark County

Logansport Chronicle; Logansport

Logansport Journal; Logansport, Cass County

Logansport News; Logansport

Logansport Star; Logansport

Marshall County Democrat; Plymouth, Marshall County

Marshall County Republican; Plymouth, Marshall County

Martinsville Morgan County Gazette; Martinsville, Morgan County

New Albany Ledger; New Albany, Floyd County

New Albany Register; New Albany, Floyd County

New Albany Tribune; New Albany, Floyd County

Newport Hossier State; Newport, Vermillion County

Putnam Republican Banner; Greencastle, Putnam County

Worthington Gazette; Worthington, Green County

Iowa, U.S.A.

Ackley Enterprise; Ackley

Alden Times; Alden, Hardin County

Algona Upper Des Moines; Algona

Alton Review; Alton, Sioux County

Anamosa Eureka; Anamosa, Jones County

Anita Times; Anita, Cass County

Atlantic Telegraph; Atlantic

Burlington Hawk Eye; Burlington

Carroll Sentinel; Carroll, Carroll County

Cascade Pioneer; Cascade, Jones County

Cedar Falls Gazette; Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County

Cedar Rapids Gazette; Cedar Rapids

Cedar Rapids Times; Cedar Rapids

Cedar Valley Times; Cedar Rapids

Centerville Appanoose Times; Centerville, Appanoose County

Daily Iowa Capital; Des Moines

Davenport Gazette; Davenport

Decatur Republican; Decatur

Des Moines Republican; Des Moines

Dubuque Herald; Dubuque

Dubuque Times; Dubuque

Emmetsburg Palo Alto Pilot; Emmetsburg, Palo Alto County

Glenwood Opinion; Glenwood

Hawarden Independent; Calliope, Sioux County

Howarden Independent; East Orange, and Calliope, Sioux County

Iowa South West; Bedford

Iowa State Register; Des Moines

Iowa State Reporter; Waterloo, Black County

Jackson Sentinel; Maquoketa

Jefferson Bee; Jefferson

Jones County Liberal; Monticello, Jones County

Le Mars Iowa Liberal; Le Mars, Plymouth County

Le Mars Sentinel; Le Mars, Plymouth County

Malvern Leader; Malvern, Mills County

Marion Herald; Marion, Linn County

Monticello Express; Monticello, Jones County

Northern Vindicator; Estherville, Emmet County

Palo Alto Recorder; Emmetsburg, Palo Alto County

Postville Review; Postville, Allamakee County

Sioux County Herald; Orange City

Sioux County Independent; Calliope, Sioux County

Spencer Clay County News; Spencer

Spirit Lake Beacon; Spirit Lake, Dickinson County

Sumner Gazette; Sumner, Bremer County

Waterloo Courier; Waterloo, Black Hawk County

Wyoming Journal; Wyoming, Jones County

Kansas, U.S.A.

Abilene Reflector; Abilene, Dickinson County

Atchison Globe; Atchison, Atchison County

Belleville Telescope; Belleville, Republic County

Dodge City Times; Dodge City, Ford County

Iola Register; Iola

Lawrence Gazette; Lawrence, Douglas County

Lawrence Journal World; Lawrence

Lawrence Republican; Lawrence

Lawrence Western Home Journal 1874; Lawrence, Douglas County

Leavenworth Times; Leavenworth

Neosho Valley Register; Iola, Allen County

Oskaloosa Independent; Oskaloosa

Saline County Journal; Salina

Smoky Hill and Republican Union; Junction City, Geary County

Thomas County Cat; Colby, Thomas County

Weekly Kansas Chief; Troy

Western Kansas World; WeKeeney, Trego County

White Cloud Kansas Chief; White Cloud

Wichita City Eagle; Wichita, Sedgwick County

Kentucky, U.S.A.

Bourbon News; Paris, Bourbon County

Frankfort Roundabout; Frankfort

Hartford Herald; Hartford

Hickman Courier; Hickman, Fulton County

Interior Journal; Stanford

Kentucky Sentinel; Mount Sterling, Montgomery County

Kentucky Yeoman; Frankfort, Franklin County

Lebanon Post; Lebanon, Marion County

Louisville Courier; Louisville, Jefferson County

Louisville Democrat; Louisville

Louisville Express; Louisville

Louisville Times; Louisville

Semi-weekly Interior Journal; Stanford

Louisiana, U.S.A.

Colfax Chronicle; Colfax, Grant Parish

Louisiana Capitalian; Louisiana

Louisiana Democrat; Alexandria

New Orleans Crescent; New Orleans, Orleans Parish

Ouachita Telegraph; Monroe

People's Vindicator; Natchitoches

Maine, U.S.A.

Bangor Whig and Courier; Bangor

Bar Harbor Mount Desert Herald; Bar Harbor, Mount Desert Island, Knox County

Bath Independent; Bath, Sagadahoc County

Biddeford Journal; Biddeford, York County

Eastern Argus; Portland

Maryland, U.S.A.

Baltimore American and Commercial Advertiser; Baltimore

Baltimore Patriot; Baltimore

Denton Journal; Denton, Caroline County

Frederick News; Frederick

Hagerstown Herald and Torch Light; Hagerstown

Hagerstown Mail; Hagerstown

Hagerstown Torch Light and Public Advertiser; Hagerstown

Republican Star; Easton

Somerset Herald; Princess Anne

Torch Light; Hagerstown

Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Barnstable Patriot; Barnstable, Barnstable County

Barre Gazette; Barre

Barre Patriot; Barre

Boston Advertiser; Boston, Suffolk County

Boston Commercial Gazette; Boston, Suffolk County

Boston Evening-Post; Boston, Suffolk County

Boston Globe; Boston, Suffolk County

Boston Intelligencer; Boston, Suffolk County

Boston Messenger; Boston, Suffolk County

Boston News-Letter; Boston, Suffolk County

Boston Post Boy; Boston, Suffolk County

Boston Recorder; Boston, Suffolk County

Chatham Monitor; Chatham, Barnstable County

Columbian Centinel; Boston, Suffolk County

Dedham Village Register; Dedham

Haverhill Gazette; Haverhill

Independent Chronicle and Boston Patriot; Boston, Suffolk County

Litchburg Sentinel; Litchburg

Lowell Courier; Lowell

Lowell Journal and Courier; Lowell

Massachusetts Spy; Boston, Suffolk County

New Bedford Mercury; New Bedford

New-England Galaxy; Boston, Suffolk County

New-England Journal; Boston, Suffolk County

Newburyport Herald; Newburyport

Pittsfield Sun; Pittsfield

Plymouth Journal; Plymouth

Salem Gazette; Salem

Village Register; Dedham

Wachusett Star; Barre

Michigan, U.S.A.

Clare County Press; Clare, Clare County

Grand Traverse Herald; Traverse City, Grand Traverse County

Hillsdale Standard; Hillsdale

Kalamazoo Telegraph; Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo County

Marshall Democratic Expounder; Marshall

Otsego Union; Otsego, Allegan County

Pinckney Dispatch; Pinckney, Livingston County

St. Joseph Herald; Saint Joseph

Minnesota, U.S.A.

Albert Lea Freeborn County Standard; Albert Lea

Minnesota, U.S.A.

New Ulm Review; New Ulm, Brown County

Princeton Union; Princeton, Mille Lacs County

Red Wing Grange Advance; Red Wing, Goodhue County

Red Wing Sentinel; Red Wing, Goodhue County

Saint Paul Globe; Saint Paul

St. Cloud Democrat; St. Cloud, Stearns County

St. Cloud Journal; St. Cloud, Stearns County

St. Paul Globe; Saint Paul

Winona Record; Winona

Winona Republican; Winona

Missouri, U.S.A.

Andrew County Republican; Savannah

Bates County Record; Butler

Bolivar Free Press; Bolivar, Polk County

Boon's Lick Times; Fayette

Buffalo Reflex; Buffalo

Cape Girardeau Weekly Argus; Cape Girardeau

Charleston Courier; Charleston, Mississippi County

County Paper; Oregon

Doniphan Prospect; Doniphan

Fair Play; Saint Genevieve

Glasgow Times; Glasgow

Hannibal Clipper; Hannibal

Hannibal Journal; Hannibal, Marion County

Holt County Sentinel; Oregon, Holt County

Jackson Missouri Cash-Book; Jackson

Jefferson City Peoples Tribune; Jefferson City, Cole County

Jefferson City State Journal; Jefferson City

Kansas City Journal of Commerce; Kansas City

Kirksville Graphic; Kirksville, Adair County

Liberty Tribune; Liberty

Lincoln County Herald; Troy

Loyal Missourian; California, Moniteau County

Marshall Democrat; Marshall

Missouri Patriot; Springfield

Missouri Republican; St. Louis

Missouri State Times; Jefferson City

Moniteau Journal; California

Mount Vernon Fountain and Journal; Mt. Vernon, Lawrence County

Neosho Times; Neosho

Oregon County Paper; Oregon

Phelps County New Era; Rolla

Richmond Democrat; Richmond, Ray County

Rolla Weekly Herald; Rolla

Saline County Progress; Marshall

Sedalia Bazoo; Sedalia, Pettis County

Sedalia Democrat; Sedalia, Pettis County

Springfield Leader; Springfield, Christian County

St. Genevieve Fair Play; Saint Genevieve

St. Joseph Gazette; Saint Joseph, Buchanan County

St. Louis Missouri Republican; Saint Louis

Troy Herald; Troy, Lincoln County

Montana, U.S.A.

Montana Post; Virginia City

Yellowstone Journal [a.k.a. Daily Yellowstone Journal]; Miles City

Nebraska, U.S.A.

Columbus Journal; Columbus, Platte County

Huntsman's Echo; Wood River Center, Buffalo County

Kearney Hub; Kearney, Buffalo County

Nebraska Advertiser; Brownville, Nemaha County

Nebraska State Journal; Lincoln

North Nebraska Eagle; Dakota City

Omaha Arrow; Omaha, Douglas County

Omaha Bee; Omaha, Douglas County

Omaha Herald; Omaha, Douglas County

Omaha Nebraskian; Omaha, Douglas County

Omaha Republican; Omaha, Douglas County

Omaha Tribune; Omaha, Douglas County

Omaha World-Herald; Omaha, Douglas County

Red Cloud Chief; Red Cloud, Webster County

Valentine Reporter; Valentine, Cherry County

Nevada, U.S.A.;

Nevada State Journal; Reno, Washoe County

Reese River Reveille; Austin

Reno Evening Gazette; Reno, Washoe County

New Hampshire, U.S.A.

Farmer's Cabinet; Amherst

New Hampshire Gazette; Portsmouth

New Hampshire Patriot; Concord

New Hampshire Sentinel; Keene

New Hampshire Spy; Portsmouth

New-Hampshire Gazette and Historical Chronicle; Portsmouth

New-Hampshire Patriot; Concord

Portsmouth Journal of Literature and Politics; Portsmouth

New Jersey, U.S.A.

Burlington Advertiser; Burlington

Camden Democrat; Camden

Hammonton Item; Hammonton, Atlantic County

May's Landing Record; May's Landing, Atlantic County

New Brunswick Times; New Brunswick, Middlesex County

Rahway Advocate and Times; Rahway, Union County

Red Bank Register; Red Bank, Monmouth County

South-Jersey Republican; Hammonton, Atlantic County

Trenton Federalist; Trenton

Woodbridge Independent Hour; Woodbridge, Middlesex County

New York, U.S.A.

Adams Herald; Adams, Jefferson County

Albany Argus; Albany

Albany Centinel; Albany, Albany County

Albany Evening Journal; Albany, Albany County

Amenia Times; Amenia Times, Dutchess County

American Citizen; New York

Amsterdam Democrat and Recorder; Amsterdam

Auburn Bulletin; Auburn

Auburn Christian Advocate; Auburn

Auburn Journal; Auburn

Auburn News; Auburn

Auburn News and Democrat; Auburn

Baldwinsville Gazette; Baldwinsville, Onondago County

Batavia News; Batavia

Batavia Spirit of the Times; Batavia

Belmont Genesee Valley Post; Belmont, Allegany County

Binghamton Broome Republican; Binghamton

Bloomville Mirror; Bloomville, Delaware County

Brockport Republic; Brockport, Monroe County

Brooklyn Eagle; Brooklyn

Buffalo Courier; Buffalo

Buffalo Courier and Republic; Buffalo

Buffalo Express; Buffalo

Catskill Recorder; Catskill

Cayuga Chief; Auburn

Cayuga County Independent; Auburn

Chatham Courier; Chatham

Cherry Valley Gazette; Cherry Valley, Otsego County

Chittenango Herald; Chittenango, Madison County

Columbian [New York]; New York

Corning Journal; Corning

Cuba Evening Review; Cuba, Allegany County

Cuba True Patriot; Cuba

Dansville Advertiser; Dansville, Livingston County

DeRuyter New Era-Gleaner; DeRuyter, Madison County

Dunkirk Observer; Dunkirk, Chautauqua County

Erie County Independent; Buffalo and Hamburg, Erie County

Essex County Republican; Keeseville

Evening Gazette; Port Jervis

Fairport Herald; Fairport, Monroe County

Franklin Gazette; Malone

Fredonia Censor; Fredonia

Geneseo Democrat; Geneseo

Geneva Advertiser; Geneva

Geneva Courier; Geneva

Geneva Express; Geneva

Geneva Gazette; Geneva

Gloversville Intelligencer; Gloversville

Hudson Evening Register; Hudson

Hudson River Chronicle; Sing-Sing, Westchester County

Huntington Long Islander; Huntington, Suffolk County

Ithaca Journal; Ithaca

Jefferson County Journal; Adams

Kingston Freeman; Kingston, Ulster County

Little Falls Journal and Courier; Little Falls, Herkimer County

Little Falls Mohawk Courier; Little Falls, Herkimer County

Livingston Republican; Geneseo

Lockport Journal and Courier; Lockport, Niagara County

Lodi Freeman and Messenger; Lodi, Cattaraugus County

Long-Island Farmer; Jamaica

Lowville Journal and Republican; Lowville, Lewis County

Lyons Wayne Democratic Press; Lyons

Madison Observer; Morrisville, Madison County

Malone Frontier Palladium; Malone, Franklin County

Medina Register; Medina

Mexico Independent; Mexico

Morrisville Madison Observer; Morrisville

Mount Morris Union; Mount Morris, Livingston County

Mourning Courier and New-York Enquirer; New York

Naples Record; Naples, Ontario County

Neapolitan Record; Naples

New York Advertiser; New York

New York American for the Country; New York

New York Clipper; New York

New York Commercial Advertiser; New York

New York Evening Express; New York

New York Evening Mirror; New York

New York Evening Post; New York

New York Evening Telegram; New York

New York Gazette; New York

New York Graphic; New York

New York Herald; New York

New York Mercantile Advertiser; New York

New York Mercury; New York

New York New World; New York

New York Spectator; New York

New York Sun; New York

New York Telegram; New York

New York Times; New York

New York Tribune; New York

New York World; New York

New-York Journal; New York

New-York Spectator; New York

Newburgh News; Newburgh

Newtown Register; Newtown, Long Island

Niagara Falls Gazette; Niagara Falls, Niagara County

Ogdensburgh Journal; Ogdensburg

Ogdensburgh Sentinel; Ogdensburg

Oneida Morning Herald; Utica

Oneida Sachem; Oneida, Madison County

Oswego Commercial Times; Oswego

Oswego Palladium; Oswego, Oneida County

Oswego Press; Oswego, Oneida County

Oswego Times and Express; Oswego, Oneida County

Otsego Farmer; Cooperstown

Otsego Herald; Cooperstown

Pine Plains Register; Pine Plains

Plattsburgh Republican; Plattsburgh, Clinton County

Port Jervis Evening Gazette; Port Jervis

Poughkeepsie Daily Eagle; Poughkeepsie

Progressive Batavian; Batavia, Genesee County

Pulaski Democrat; Pulaski

Putnam County Standard; Brewster's [=Brewster], Putnam County

Putnam County Courier; Carmel, Putnam County

Rochester Republican; Rochester

Rochester Union and Advertiser; Rochester

Rockland County Journal; Nyack, Rockland County

Roman Citizen; Rome, Oneida County

Rome Sentinel; Rome, Oneida County

Sag Harbor Corrector; Sag-Harbor, Long Island, Suffolk County

Sag Harbor Express; Sag-Harbor, Long Island, Suffolk County

Salem Northern Post; Salem

Schoharie Union; Schoharie, Schoharie County

Skaneateles Courier and Republican; Skaneateles, Onondago County

Skaneateles Free Press; Skaneateles, Onondago County

South Side Signal; Babylon, Long Island, Suffolk County

Spirit of the Times; New York

St. Lawrence Republican; Ogdensburg

St. Lawrence Republican and Ogdensburg Weekly Journal; Ogdensburg

Stamford Mirror; Stamford, Delaware County

Syracuse Courier and Union; Syracuse, Onondaga County

Syracuse Evening Chronicle; Syracuse

Syracuse Journal; Syracuse

Syracuse Standard; Syracuse

Union Springs Advertiser; Union Springs, Cayuga County

Utica Gazette; Utica, Oneida County

Utica Herald; Utica, Oneida County

Utica Morning Herald and Daily Gazette; Utica, Oneida County

Utica Observer; Utica, Oneida County

Watertown Re-Union; Watertown, Jefferson County

Watertown Times; Watertown

Waterville Times; Waterville

Wellsville Alleghany County Reporter; Wellsville, Alleghany County

Western Argus; Lyons, Wayne County

Wyoming County Mirror; Warsaw

North Carolina, U.S.A.

Catawba Journal; Charlotte

Fayetteville Observer; Fayetteville

Highland Messenger; Asheville

Newbern Sentinel; New Bern

North Carolina Whig; Charlotte

Western Carolinian; Salisbury, Rowan County

North Dakota, U.S.A.;

Bismarck Tribune; Bismarck

Fort Rice Frontier Scout; Fort Rice, Morton County

Ohio, U.S.A.

Ashtabula Telegraph; Ashtabula, Ashtabula County

Belmont Chronicle; Saint Clairsville

Cincinnati Press; Cincinnati

Cleveland Leader; Cleveland

Coshocton Democrat; Coshocton

Dayton Empire; Dayton, Montgomery County

Elyria Constitution; Elyria, Lorain County

Elyria Courier; Elyria, Lorain County

Elyria Independent Democrat; Elyria, Lorain County

Fremont Journal; Fremont, Sandusky County

Gallipolis Journal; Gallipolis

Highland News; Hillsborough [Hillsboro], Highland County

Hillsboro News-Herald; Hillsboro, Hghland County

Hocking Sentinel; Logan

Holmes County Farmer; Millersburg, Holmes County

Holmes County Republican; Millersburg, Holmes County

Huron Reflector; Norwalk

McConnelsville Conservative; Salem

New Philadelphia Democrat; New Philadelphia, Tuscarawas County

Painesville Telegraph; Painesville, Lake County

Perrysburg Journal; Perrysburg

Piqua Miami Helmet; Piqua, Miami County

Portsmouth Times; Portsmouth

Springfield Globe-Republic; Springfield

Stark County Democrat; Canton

Tiffin Tribune; Tiffin, Hillsdale County

Urbana Union; Urbana

Vinton Record; McArthur, Vinton County

Western Reserve Chronicle; Warren, Trumbull County

Zanesville Courier; Zanesville, Muskingum County

Oklahoma, U.S.A.

Cherokee Advocate; Tahlequah

Indian Chieftain; Vinita, Craig County

Muskogee Indian Journal; Muskogee

Oregon, U.S.A.

Astorian; Astoria

Daily Astorian; Astoria

Marshfield Coast Mail; Marshfield

Morning Oregonian; Portland, Multnomah County

Willamette Farmer; Salem

Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

Altoona Tribune; Altoona, Blair County

Bloomsburg Columbian; Bloomsburg

Bloomsburg Democrat; Bloomsburg, Columbia County

Bristol Bucks County Gazette; Bristol, Bucks County

Carbon Advocate; Lehighton

Chester Times; Chester, Delaware County

Clearfield Democratic Banner; Clearfield

Columbia Democrat; Bloomsburg

Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg General Advertiser; Bloomsburg

Columbian [Pennsylvania]; Bloomsburg

Columbian and Democrat; Bloomsburg

Daily Derrick; Oil City

Elk Advocate; Ridgway, Elk County

Elk County Advocate; Ridgway, Elk County

Evening Mirror; Altoona

Federal Gazette, and Philadelphia Evening Post; Philadelphia

Franklin Repository; Franklin County

General Advertiser and Political, Commercial,; Philadelphia

Gettysburg Complier; Gettysburg

Gettysburg Republican; Gettysburg

Gettysburg Republican Complier; Gettysburg

Gettysburg Star; Gettysburg

Gettysburg Star and Sentinel; Gettysburg

Greenville Advance; Greenville, Mercer County

Greenville Advance Argus; Greenville, Mercer County

Greenville Argus; Greenville, Mercer County

Greenville Shenango Valley Argus; Greenville, Mercer County

Huntingdon Journal; Huntingdon

Indiana Democrat; Indiana County

Indiana Messenger; Indiana County

Indiana Progress; Indiana County

Jeffersonian Republican; Stroudsburg, Monroe County

Journal and American; Huntingdon

Juniata Sentinel; Mifflintown

Kane Leader; Kane, McKean County

Kane Weekly Blade; Kane, McKean County

Keystone Courier; Connellsville

Lancaster Examiner and Herald; Lancaster, Lancaster County

Lancaster Intelligencer; Lancaster, Lancaster County

Lancaster Journal; Lancaster, Lancaster County

Lebanon News; Lebanon, Lebanon County

Lehigh Register; Allentown, Lehigh County

Middleburgh Post; Middleburgh, Snyder County

New Holland Clarion; New Holland

Pennsylvania Gazette; Philadelphia

Pennsylvania Mercury and Universal Advertiser; Philadelphia

Philadelphia Evening Bulletin; Philadelphia

Philadelphia Evening Telegraph; Philadelphia

Philadelphia Gazette of the United States; Philadelphia

Philadelphia Press; Philadelphia

Pittsburgh Morning Post; Pittsburgh

Poulson's American Advertiser; Philadelphia

Raftsman's Journal; Clearfield

Republican Compiler; Gettysburg

Shenango Valley Argus; Greenville, Mercer County

Smethport McKean Miner; Smethport, McKean County

Stroudsburg Jeffersonian; Stroudsburg, Monroe County

Tioga Eagle; Wellsboro

Titusville Morning Herald; Titusville

Union County Star and Lewisburg Chronicle; Lewisburg, Union County

Warren Ledger; Warren County

Waynesboro Village Record; Waynesboro

Wellsboro Agitator; Wellsboro, Tioga County

Williamsport Gazette and Bulletin; Williamsport

Williamsport Lycoming Gazette; Williamsport

Rhode Island, U.S.A.

Newport Journal; Newport

Newport News; Newport

Providence Gazette; Providence

Providence Patriot; Providence

Providence Post; Providence

Rhode Island American; Providence

Rhode Island Gazette; Newport

Rhode Island Republican; Newport

South Carolina, U.S.A.

Anderson Intelligencer; Anderson Court House

Carolina Watchman; Salisbury, Rowan County

Charleston News; Charleston

City Gazette and Daily Advertiser; Charleston

Columbia Phoenix; Columbia

Daily Phoenix; Columbia

Georgetown Enquirer; Georgetown, Georgetown County

Georgetown Union; Georgetown, Georgetown County

Keowee Courier; Walhalla

New South; Port Royal

Orangeburg Times and Democrat; Orangeburg

Pee Dee Times; Georgetown, Georgetown County

Sumter Watchman and Southron; Sumter, Sumter County

Sunbury American; Sunbury, Northumberland County

Sunbury American and Shamokin Journal; Sunbury, Northumberland County

Winyah Observer; Georgetown, Georgetown County

Winyaw Intelligencer; Georgetown, Georgetown County

Tennessee, U.S.A.

Bolivar Bulletin; Bolivar, Hardeman County

Columbia Herald; Columbia

Knoxville Chronicle; Knoxville

Memphis Appeal; Memphis

Milan Exchange; Milan, Gibson County

Nashville Union and American; Nashville

Texas, U.S.A.

Austin Intelligencer-Echo; Austin

Austin State Gazette; Austin

Brenham Banner; Brenham, Washington County

Clarksville Standard; Clarksville

Colorado Citizen; Columbus

Fort Worth Gazette; Fort Worth

Galveston Civilian; Galveston

Galveston Civilian and Gazette; Galveston

Galveston News; Galveston

Houston Mercury; Houston

Houston Telegraph and Texas Register; Houston

San Antonio Light; San Antonio, Bexar County

State Gazette; Austin

Waco Examiner; Waco

Utah, U.S.A.

Deseret News; Salt Lake City

Salt Lake Herald; Salt Lake City

Salt Lake Tribune; Salt Lake City

St. George Union; Saint George

Vermont, U.S.A.

Brattleboro Eagle; Brattleboro

Brattleboro Reporter; Brattleboro

Burlington Free Press; Burlington

Randolph Weekly Wanderer; Randolph, Orange County

Rutland County Herald; Rutland

Rutland Globe; Rutland

Rutland Herald; Rutland

St. Johnsbury Caledonian; St. Johnsbury, Caledonia County

Vermont Farmer; Saint Johnsbury

Vermont Gazette; Bennington

Vermont Phoenix; Brattleboro

Vermont Transcript; Saint Albans

Vermont Watchman; Montpelier

Virginia, U.S.A.

Alexandria Advertiser; Alexandria

Alexandria Gazette; Alexandria

American Beacon; Norfolk

Daily State Journal; Richmond

Harrisonburg Rockingham Register; Harrisonburg, Rockingham County

Native Virginian; Orange Court House

Petersburg Index and Appeal; Petersburg

Richmond Dispatch; Richmond

Richmond Enquirer; Richmond

Shenandoah Herald; Woodstock

Wisconsin, U.S.A.

Appleton Motor; Appleton, Outagamie County

Appleton Post Crescent; Appleton, Outagamie County

Beaver Dam Democrat; Beaver Dam

Daily Free Democrat; Milwaukee

Door County Advocate; Sturgeon Bay, Door County

Door County Expositor; Sturgeon Bay, Door County

Eau Claire Free Press; Eau Claire, Eau Claire County

Eau Claire News; Eau Claire, Eau Claire County

Evergreen City Times; Sheboygan

Forest Republican; Crandon

Grant County Herald; Lancaster, Grant County

Gravesville Calumet Republican; Gravesville, Calumet County

Green Bay Republican; Green Bay

Hudson North Star; Hudson, St. Croix County

Independent American; Platteville

Janesville Democrat; Janesville, Rock County

Janesville Democratic Standard; Janesville, Rock County

Janesville Gazette; Janesville, Rock County

Janesville Gazette and Free Press; Janesville, Rock County

Kenosha Democrat; Kenosha

Kenosha Telegraph; Kenosha

Madison Democrat; Madison

Madison Express; Madison, Dane County

Madison State Journal; Madison, Dane County

Madison Wisconsin Argus; Madison, Dane County

Madison Wisconsin Patriot; Madison, Dane County

Manitowoc Tribune; Manitowoc

Milwaukee Evening Courier; Milwaukee

Milwaukee Free Democrat; Milwaukee

Milwaukee News; Milwaukee

Milwaukee Sentinel; Milwaukee

Milwaukee Sentinel and Gazette; Milwaukee

Milwaukee Wisconsin; Milwaukee

Oshkosh Courier; Oshkosh, Winnebago County

Oshkosh Northwestern; Oshkosh

Prescott Transcript; Prescott, Pierce County

Racine Argus; Racine

Racine County Argus; Racine County

Racine Journal; Racine, Racine County

Racine Morning Advocate; Racine

Racine News; Racine

Richland County Observer; Richland Center, Richland County

Sauk County Standard; Baraboo, Sauk County

Semi-weekly Wisconsin; Milwaukee

Shawano County Herald; Shawano

Shawano County Journal; Shawano, Shawano County

Sparta Eagle; Sparta, Monroe County

State Journal; Madison

Stevens Point Journal; Stevens Point

Stevens Point Lumberman; Stevens Point, Portage County

Stevens Point Wisconsin Pinery; Stevens Point, Portage County

Sturgeon Bay Expositor Independent; Sturgeon Bay, Door County

Superior Chronicle; Superior, Douglas County

Watertown Democrat; Wattertown, Jefferson County

Waukesha County Democrat; Waukesha

Waukesha Freeman; Waukesha

Waukesha Plaindealer; Waukesha

Waupun Times; Waupun

Weekly Wisconsin; Milwaukee

Whitewater Register; Whitewater

Wisconsin Democrat; Green Bay

Wisconsin Free Democrat; Milwaukee

Wisconsin Patriot; Madison

Wisconsin State Journal; Madison

Wyoming, U.S.A.

Laramie Sentinel; Laramie

Most of these resources can be located by doing an internet search using the keywords "online historic newspapers" that provides a link to different websites which have archival copies of historic issues of newspapers which indicate a wonderful insight of bird history which cannot be ignored in any state.

There are, however, more records available than known by this initial effort, due to limitations of search options where text is not recognized, or where a site does not provide a search option, and in a primary manner, there is a requirement for payment to review articles. The number of records would easily increase substantially if there were not these sorts of limitations.

Newspaper number 800 was the Bellevue Gazette reviewed closely on August 29, 2013. It was issued at Bellevue City, Nebraska Territory, and one of its special features was regular poetry on the front page. How appropriate that it was a Nebraska newspaper.

The Whip-poor-will - A Poem from 1879

When apple-branches, flushed with bloom,

Load June's warm evenings with perfume,

And balmier grows each perfect day,

And fields are sweet with new-mown hay,

Then, minstrel loud, I hear thy note,

Up from the pasture thickets float —

Whip-poor-will!

 

Thine are the hours to love endeared

And summoned by thy accents weird,

What wild regrets — what tender pain,

Recalls my youthful dreams again,

As trailing down the shadowy years,

That old refrain loved memory hears —

Whip-poor-will!

 

The garish day inspires thee not;

But hid in some deep-shaded grot,

Thee, like a sad recluse, dost wait

The silver hours inviolate,

When every harsher sound is flown,

And groves and glens are thine alone,

Whip-poor-will!

 

Thou, when the rapt voluptuous night

Pants in the young moon's tender night,

And woods, and cliffs, and shimmering streams

Are splendid in her argent beams —

How thrills the lover's heart to hear

Thy loud staccato, liquid clear,

Whip-poor-will!

 

Whence comes thy iterated phrase;

That to the wondering ear conveys

Half-human sounds, yet cheats the sense

With vagueness of intelligence,

And, like a wandering voice of air

Haunts the dim fields, we know not where,

Whip-poor-will!

Henry M. Cornwell. August 21, 1879. Georgetown Times and Courier 14(23): 2. From: July, 1879; Scribner's Monthly 18(3): 416.

Reed-bird Shooting - A Poem from 1879

Three men and a bull-dog ugly,

Two guns, and a terrier lame;

They'd better stand out in the mind these,

And set themselves up for game!

But no! I see, by the cocking

Of that red-haired Paddy's eye,

He's been 'reeding' to much for you, Sir,

Any such game to try!

 

'Whist, Jamey, me boy! kape dark there,

And bould the big bull-dog in:

There's a bloody big cloud of rade-birds

That nade a peperin'!'

'Chip-bang!' speaks the single-barrel;

'Flip-booong!' roars the old 'Queen-Anne;'

There's a Paddy stretched out in the mud-hole,

A kicked-over, knocked down man!

 

The big bull-dog's eyes stick out,

And the terrier's barks begin;

The Paddy digs out of the deep mud,

And then the 'discoursin' comes in:

'Oh Jamey, ye precious young blag-guard,

I know ye're the divil's son,

How many fingers' load, thin,

Did ye put in this damned old gun?'

 

'How many fingers? Be jabers!

I nivir put in a one!

D'ye think I'd be afther ramming

Me fingers into the gun?'

'Well, give me the powdher, Jamey!'

'The powdher! as sure I'm born,

I put it all in yer musket,

As I had ne'er a powdher-horn!'

November 29, 1879. Rahway [N.J.] Weekly Advocate and Times 38(48): 1. Transcribed as printed, including word spelling.

The Blue-bird - A Poem from 1841

By David Paul Brown.

O, do you hear the Blue Bird,

The herald of the spring —

How cheerily he tunes his pipe,

How blithely plumes his wing.

 

He breathes the native note of praise

To the great source of Good,

The trees are vocal with his lays,

Instinct with gratitude.

 

He mounts upon the downy wing,

He cleaves the ambient air,

Inhales the balmy breath of spring,

And wishes the world to prayer.

 

The fertile Earth's at nature's voice,

Unlocks her precious store,

And mount and vale and plain rejoice,

And greet the genial hour.

 

The purling stream no longer bound,

In winter's icy chain,

Sparkles beneath the sunny ray,

And freely flows again.

 

Flows — as life flows, in infancy,

Pure, radiant and serene,

Through flowers and fields and fragrant groves,

That animate the scene.

 

Flows on, till winter checks its tide,

And robs it of its bloom.

Like death, that in our youthful pride

Consigns us to the tomb.

 

Yet man, for whom these notes are sung,

For whom these waters flow,

For whom this vernal wealth abounds

The monarch here below!

 

Man, only Man! with lofty brow,

With stubborn heart and knee,

Looms over this smiling universe,

Ungrateful, Lord, to thee.

 

The perils of the winter past —

Spring, like a blooming bride,

The summer's and the human's hope,

All magnify his pride!

 

There — there he stands — a rebel still,

A recent in that Power.

That murmurs in each limpid rill,

And breathes in every flower.

April 3, 1841. Winyah Observer 1(8): 4.

Wildbird Survey at Saddle Creek Project Site

Prepared for the Public Works Department, City of Omaha

July 9, 2013

This City of Omaha document is presented here for informational and archival purposes.

Tree removal pending at the east Westlawn Cemetery site in association with the Saddle Creek CSO! project required that a survey be done in regards to any nesting birds, according to provisions of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.

The following details are provided to the Public Works Department in accordance with an agreement to evaluate the indicated project site and determine if there were any bird nests present, or if there were other associated breeding bird concerns.

Bird Surveys

During each survey of three surveys, all birds heard and seen were noted, with details kept on the numbers seen. Particular attention was given to the songbirds present at this time of the breeding season which might be nesting (i.e., chickadees, cardinals, woodpeckers, etc.) or which may have dependent young with site fidelity.

The first survey on July 5th was a preliminary visit to Westlawn-Hillcrest cemetery, the creek on the eastern extent of this location, as well as the Bohemian Cemetery in order to evaluate overall species occurrence and to review site features. A subsequent visit occurred on July 7th, with particular attention given to birdly activity at the area where clearing would occur, and to further evaluate the species within the project site.

Early on the morning of July 9th, before the oppressive heat of a summer's day, a final survey was done to more closely evaluate the specific area where tree clearing would occur. During the visit, territorial behavior, presence of pairs, any carrying of food to a nest or dependent young was given a closer scrutiny. The area marked for tree clearing was the primary survey site.

It can also be noted that several previous bird surveys have been done at this site, which have been helpful in understanding the conditions relative to survey efforts. That information is not, however, included in this report since it is beyond the scope of the agreement.

Survey Results

There were no occupied nests or newly fledged young observed during any of the survey's within the indicated site where trees are to be removed.

There were fledged/juvenile birds present which were old enough for regular and sustained flight and with no confined fidelity to the tree area.

The following notes are derived from the 9 July survey, and are presented to indicate details regarding bird status and an absence of bird nests, eggs, or young at the project site.

• American Robin: prevalent, but mostly adults and juveniles which gathered on the snags of suitable trees along the creek or to a much lesser extent, foraged among the woods
  
• Baltimore Oriole: a sub-adult bird visited the tree-tops of the project site; there was no territorial activity noted in association with a female, any carrying of food to a nest, or caring for fledglings observed
  
• Barn Swallow: foraging over the open field adjacent to the project site
  
• Black-capped Chickadee: a group of four, which would, at this time suggest a family group of adults and juveniles were foraging among the snags of a cottonwood tree at the project site
  
• Blue Jay: heard among the trees; based upon visits to other nearby green spaces, adults birds are currently feeding dependent juveniles, based on numerous site visits in recent days within the region, so their nesting is finished
  
• Brown-headed Cowbird: transients
  
• Chimney Swift: foraging above the place in the aerosphere
  
• Downy Woodpecker: a transitory forager
  
• Eastern Kingbird: a transitory visitor
  
• European Starling: present but not pertinent according to list of species considered by the MBTA, as this bird is not a native species
  
• House Wren: a male was territorial along the creek northward of the area demarked for clearing
  
• Indigo Bunting: a male was noted singing on the north side of the site of interest on each of the three visits; the perch for this edge-specific species was not within the woods, and there were other similar perches to the west and northwest along the creek; during a prolonged period of observation, there was no female bird noted, the male did not show any behavior associated with feeding young and there was no nesting activity seen
  
• Killdeer: not associated with the woods
  
• Mourning Dove: transitory
  
• Northern Cardinal: there was a territorial male just to the south of the project area; a pair was transitional through the project site on the morning of the 9th, but they did not convey any activity that would indicate there was a nest present, or that they were feeding dependent young
  
• Northern Flicker: two obvious on the snags of trees along the creek; particular attention was given to determine if they was using any of the several tree cavities on the stately old cottonwoods within the area to be cleared; there was no such activity noted
  
• Red-bellied Woodpecker: obvious on the snags of trees along the creek; particular attention was given to determine if they were using any of the available tree cavities; there was no such activity noted
  
• Red-tailed Hawk: utilizing a tree snag to watch for huntable prey, as seen also on the 7th
  
• Western Kingbird: two atop the snaggy cottonwood, and transitory as they had not been observed on either the 5th or 7th.
  

Based upon the three visits, comprising more than three hours of detailed observations, there were no nests or dependent young noted within the indicated project area. Details indicate that the clearing of trees will not destroy nests or eggs, and will therefore conform to the tenets of the MBTA.

The primary changes associated with this project, in regards to the variety of wildbirds present at the site, will be:

1) snag trees will be removed which are used as temporary roosts or foraging sites;

2) snag trees will be removed which currently have cavities which have more than likely have been used as nesting sites in the past;

3) trees will be removed which will constrict the currently contiguous corridor of vegetation along the creek, and degrade the natural value associated with any creek in an urban setting.

These are the findings as determined in accordance with the MBTA bird survey agreement. The indication is that pending tree clearing activities would conform with regulatory requirements by not destroying any nests, eggs or young birds.

The following are some additional perspectives regarding this project. During clearing activities, the trees could be taken down and removed in a sequential manner, where noise, etc., would move any birdlife present away from any hazards resulting from the tree clearing. Also, any trees removed should be hauled away, and not placed within, or left within the creek channel, as they would inhibit water flows which may result in obstructions that could lead to a degradation of water quality, potential bank erosion, etc. Wherever possible the older trees present, especially those with snag branches, should be retained, as they are regularly used as foraging and roost sites by a great many wildbirds.

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Addendum

These two graphics, not included in the submitted report, indicate the area where trees would be cleared.

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Some of the trees to be removed from the project site. JEDucey photograph.

Limb Snipping Along Happy Hollow

Following a unexpected and surprising evening shower, it was time to deal with an obvious situation on the east side of Memorial Park, in Omaha. With two suitable snipper tools in hand, there were limbs of some trees to trim along the Happy Hollow Trail.

The branches were encroaching upon the trailway, and with the rain, the moisture meant a declination which made the most problematic situations especially obvious as they hung over the way. The area of interest was from Underwood Avenue to Dodge Street.

Trees need care and attention, and it was their time, this evening. There was a particular purpose, with a specific intent.

Errant branches were removed from saplings. Unwanted invasive, i.e., trash trees were cut away within the woods adjacent to the trail.

Most importantly, overhanging limbs were trimmed to provide a clear route along the trail for walkers and bicyclists. This was a community service effort since Omaha Parks and Recreation staff have not given this situation any attention.

This was the second time this season for this sort of effort. Back in May, a slew of branches of a mulberry tree at the south end along the trail were specifically removed with an obvious intent. When wet, they hung only about five feet above the route. This was an problem that no one else would deal with. During that morning's effort, one regular walker along this way did express his thanks.

On Monday evening, July 15th, there was also gratitude expressed. One woman quipped that she had trees in her front yard needing trimming. My reply: "I don't ride my bicycle past there." She then said thanks for clearing the way for people using the trail, in so many words or less.

This effort involved arriving, trimming, throwing the debris into the adjacent woods, and leaving. This way, it may seem that nothing was done, though the scene may seem different to those who are attentive.

After this Monday evening outing, my shirt was dappled with multiple drops of water. My jeans have new stains from the mulberries which fell while cutting the limbs. However, the evening was nice and fresh, though there was no rainbow seen, which was some sort of expectation for the precipitation event with the raindrops and sunlight mixture.

It took three passes to and fro from the initial targets for removal, then onward to trim more limbs, and then to acquire another perspective and then to snip more unwanted tree branches. The trimming was done in a manner to work with the tree and not destroy its growth, but promote an alternative direction away from the right-of-way. Except for the trash trees where the intent is obliteration, as they are sprouting from what was left when they were initially snipped earlier this growing season.

During the outing the Mallards and Wood Ducks, and their young, were noticed along the creek. These days, the most effusive bird at this place is the Red-eyed Vireo, so specially expressive in the morning.

Now, when bicycling along, at least there won't be any branches whacking my head while riding along the way.

On this day, two hours were spent trimming trees along Happy Hollow Creek and picking up trash in the Carthage neighborhood. It was a good day for community service. Again. The results will be enjoyed tomorrow.

Fall Bonnet Fashion Includes Bird Feathers

One of the most distinguished bonnet is of steel blue velvet trimmed with loops and torsade of lighter blue. The crown is covered with black net, dotted with blue steel spangles. The brim flares upward all around, is faced with the darkest velvet, and against it rests a vine of blue steel leaves. At the back of the bonnet is a pink rose cluster. A second of deepest sea blue velvet and gros grain has a soft cap crown of velvet, with a high rolled coronet of gros grain; below the coronet is a roll of velvet tied behind in a tiny bow without ends. A spray of blue steel leaves in front is the only ornament in this compact and tasteful bonnet.

An olive brown bonnet of the darkest shade of velvet has around the crown a scarf of wide ribbon that is salmon-colored satin on one side and olive gros grain on the other; this laps behind, and has short square ends raveled as fringe. A wreath of tinted geranium leaves is in front, two long nodding cock's plumes on the left, and a cluster of pink and scarlet roses behind.

The prettiest bonnet is of chestnut brown velvet, with brown satin crown, and velvet brim turned straight up in front. Three pink and yellow roses are directly in front, with some upturned sprays of white velvet forget-me-nots. Still above this are pink and white heron feathers, while behind is a long looped bow of the velvet and satin.

A black velvet bonnet is made youthful-looking by a scarf of wide double-faced ribbon — poncean satin on one side and black gros grain on the other — being tied around the crown; a red and black bird, with head down and spread wings, is on soft pleats of the crown in front. Another black velvet has pink and black ribbon, with dangling oats of jet all around the crown.

A mouse-colored velvet has a crown of pearl gray gros grain; the brim is pointed high in front, and supports a wreath of shaded scarlet geraniums. A scoop bonnet of myrtle green velvet has the crown formed of the green satin side of a double-faced scarf ribbon. A second of green velvet has the brim covered with leaves that are beaded with green; white heron's plume and three large full rose-beds, scarlet, pink and salmon, are the trimmings.

August 22, 1874. Fall bonnets.Putnam County Courier 33(16): 1.

Geese and Ducks Strike Telegraph Wire

A wild-goose chase. — A Cold Spring correspondent of the N.Y. Tribune, Oct. 17, says that the wire of the New York and Erie Telegraph that crosses the river from the summit of Breakneck to Butterhill, was broken on Sunday last by a flock of wild geese, one of which was so much injured that it was captured. A flock of ducks flew against the same wire a few days previous, two of which were killed by the concussion.

October 31, 1849. Putnam County Courier 8(21): 3.

Plump Woodcock Suicides at Post-Office Wire

A plump woodcock flew against the telegraph wire in front of our post office, on Tuesday morning last, and suicided.

July 17, 1875. Around home. Rockland County Journal 25: 5. Issued at Nyack, N.Y.

Bicycle Rack Lacking at World-Herald Building

On July 11th, after bicycling about the special places associated with Carter Lake, and having noting something newsworthy, the route went south to downtown Omaha, specifically to the Omaha World-Herald building to speak with a reporter.

Since there was no bicycle rack available so my ride was attached to an available handrail at the main entrance.

Later in the morning, an email inquiry was sent to company administrators — especially two top officials as noted by the newspaper's contact information — in regards to there being no place to securely place a bicycle while visiting the building.

The reply was that there was a bike rack at some place nearby the entrance.

Their response didn't work because at the place where there was supposed to be a bicycle rack, there was nothing of the sort, near the vehicle entrance west of the main entry at the south side of the building.

On the morning of my visit, there was no bicycle rack anywhere near the public entrance. It my email response, this was the primary response, with a particular request asking where the rack was located.

Another email response was received from another person at the company. The only rack available would involve asking the security officer to provide access to a "secure" bicycle rack within the confines of the parking garage.

If that was not suitable, then there were racks available at the Union Pacific Center to the west, a half-block or so westward. The racks are within the southern confines of the buildings' plaza.

Why is it that when riding a bicycle to the Omaha World-Herald building, that a bicycle has to be secured at a distance or require some approval for placement within the regulated confines of the building being visited.?

Anyone visiting without knowing these details — and that would include most bicyclists — would be confused and not know where the anchor their ride. Anyone just arriving at the place would not be aware of the requirements and be left searching for a secure place to place their bicycle.

The Omaha World-Herald company appears to be indifferent in promoting green transportation, especially via bicycle, based upon the lack of a rack.

Why can't they provide a public bicycle rack? One prominently placed near their building entrance would obviously be useful. It would convey a corporate interest, as well as be supportive of an alternative means of transportation which is pervasive among some people of the community.

The complete lack of a rack is completely wrong in regards to community concerns and involvement.

The newspaper writes about other green efforts, yet does not itself do anything to conform to the necessities to be a green company. This includes their disregard to bird strikes at windows associated with the company buildings in downtown Omaha.

There could be some changes made to easily present a more attentive perspective in regards to getting actively involved. This newspaper company can do more than just report upon what other's do. This could start with having a readily available bicycle rack.

What the American Eagle Thinks of Dacotah

The American Eagle has flown to the west,

Leaving the land that she loveth the best,

Has gone to Dacotah, to dwell in the wild,

A land on which God in his mercy ne'er smiled,

Which Missouri flows through with its river of mud,

Where no flowers ever blossom or trees ever bud,

Save the cottonwood mean, or the willow so tough,

If you've split them or burnt them you know well enough,

And there she has perched on a wild desert cliff,

To take of the air that's around her a sniff

She hears an old wolf that comes out of his den,

He switches his tail, and then burrows again,

She sees a small prairie-dog come forth to bark,

Then retire once more to his hermitage dark,

Then she spies in a thicket of cottonwood brush,

An elk through the wilderness go with a rush,

Then a buffalo herd canter by with a roar,

Shake their tails and their horns till she sees them no more,

Than an Indian at last in his skins and his paint,

Gives the air that's around her a repulsive taint,

A flock of lean buzzards wheel off in the blue,

To add to the desolate cast of the view.

The Earth is bare wherever she looks,

She sees neither fountains no clear water brooks,

Arid plains like Sahara where simoons have swept,

And hills on whose summits no dew ever wept,

"If this is the land of Dacotah," she cries,

"I pity the 1st U.S. V. at Fort Rice."

Then plumes her gay wings, and soars far from the scene,

To lands more delightful and skies more serene.

Anonymous; Captain E.G. Adams, editor. June 22, 1865. Fort Rice Frontier Scout 1(2): 2. An annotation printed in the column beneath this poetic expression said that "Every article in this paper is original, and sees the light for the first time."

Wood Duck Extravaganza at Carter Lake

It was a summer morning when the temperature was not oppressive, the humidity was slight and an intention boiled over when the extravaganza of Wood Ducks were noted about Carter Lake. As the sun touched the horizon, a departure was made from the hills of old Dundee, with an easterly direction accomplished a bicycle pedal at a time, with some appreciated coasting places.

The survey of the morning started at the southeast portion of the lake about Bird Isle, and continued along the way around the lake and its aquatic places.

The results were stupendous, with the largest count of Wood Ducks for this habitat ever recorded within the past decade.

A count of 111 Wood Ducks is nearly twenty more than any recent, previous count. The tally was obviously a result of the many birds being raised this season. At the lake, there are different groups of these ducks, some small and special, with others older and nearly ready to survive on their own. Each of them were a result of the successful breeding in the tree cavities associated with the lakes' habitat.

It was exciting to watch some small ducklings scitter across the water-lily pads on the eastern side of the lake. Mother duck swan along, while her young knew what to look for among the habitat. Other observations along the way, provided these additional perspectives:

• a female and five small ducklings;
• two females accompanying 11 young;
• a female attentive to 11 ducklings
• two females with nine young;
• a female with six young;
• a female with 11 ducklings; and,
• a female with four ducklings.

The overall count from the morning survey surpassed a previous high count from mid-June 2012. Various recent counts during July were significant at the time, but with many fewer Wood Ducks observed.

There was only one intrusive motor-boat on the lake, with was really insignificant. Most of the family bunches were in the eastern third of the lake, or near to the shore, with only one family group in the western section of the lake, where boat traffic occurs to a greater extent.

There were also a bunch of young Mallard ducks, with at least four family groups seen.

It was a good year for the colorful and expressive ducks of Carter Lake, and the offspring raised upon its adjacent park lands.

Other notables during the morning visit were the loitering group of snow geese and the gathering of Purple Martins about their apartment complex.

Purple Martins at their west residences.

Group of snow geese at Horseshoe Pool, Levi Carter Park.

In the background of this picture, there is also a Great Blue Heron.

Natural Wildlife Area Designated at Levi Carter Park

Signs designating a natural wildlife area have been placed at a small tract of land within Levi Carter Park. The site is at the northwest corner of the park, and includes a pond, woods and some relict grasslands along the railroad track.

Three signs were placed on the same posts where other signage indicates that off-road vehicles are not allowed. The new signs — installed in the past few days — say: Natural Wildlife Area Do Not Disturb.

For bird survey purposes, this site will now be known as the Northwest Pond Natural Wildlife Area. The area was first visited at the end of May, 2011, and has been especially surveyed during 2012-13. There have been 68 different bird species noted at this wild haven.

During the most recent visit, a mattress and a tire were pulled from among the trees and placed near the curb for proper disposal. During a couple of visits, unwanted invasive cedar trees have been cut or pulled to prevent their becoming established.

The portion of the area along the adjacent streets will continue to be mowed. With the placement of large tree trunks to prevent vehicle access, the formerly disturbed trailways are slowly reverting to a vegetated condition.

A request for this designation was made at the June meeting of the Omaha Parks advisory board.

Birding Parks in Western Omaha

Being ensconced among the western portion of urban Omaha there were opportunities to see what birds are about now towards the end of the breeding season. Within the past week (July 5th to 8th), the following park spaces have been visited during the morning to determine which sorts of species are about during this summer.

Upon the first day, with other things to consider, there was a thorough survey done at Westlawn-Hillcrest Cemetery, and especially about the creek on its eastern side, and then about the Bohemian Cemetery. The latter place is now celebrating the 130th anniversary of its origin. The celebration could include a recognition for the green-space still extant in the otherwise completely urban Omaha setting. It has a fine line of trees along the fence of its western boundary, and there is a bit of creek in the southwest corner.

On the next morning, Trendwood Park was visited, only because the place has a creek and associated woods. Mostly the place is mown lawn, or a ball-field. Notably, the bridge across the waterway, on its north side, has a bunch of tree limbs which are a blockage so similar to situations in eastern Omaha parks.

The bird variety here was not especially exciting, but anytime there are some birds, it is a good time to be looking, and doing the documentation thing.

During the weekend, a morning's visit at Hummel Park was notable, but situations were problematic due to ongoing degradation of the north woods.

The next park surveyed was N.P. Dodge Park. There was a quite nice variety of species seen. Especially enjoyed were a couple of Lark Sparrows. There was no hiking trail to the river, and it was too brushy and hot to force a way, so the intended route was diverted southward.

During the morning of July 8th, the forecast conveyed there would be slight winds, so by 6 a.m., the pre-planned survey route was underway. The places visited, in order of occurrence, were:

Towl Park with its sinuous lagoon; there are underwater pumps here, which apparently mix the water, probably to sustain a suitable setting for catchable fish.

Rockbrook Park; two parcels with the northern extent along an unnamed creek; the highlight was a mama Wild Turkey with two poults; if the City of Omaha cannot repair the bridge over the creek in the northern tract, it should be removed; the creek had a slight flow during the visit.

Armbrust Park; this so-called park is basically a wooded area along an unnamed creek with a slight flow; the parcel south of Grover Street can be readily hiked, but on the northern side of this place, keep to the east of the creek, for a short distance. The excitement of the morning was the expressiveness of the Blue Jay and other bird life because of a Cooper's Hawk occurrence.

Meadow Lane Park with its linear extent a jaunt south of West Dodge Road; the most expressive thing at this public space were the tennis-players and the graffiti spewed on the walls of the culvert beneath 117th street. There was no time taken to get a closer look at this vandalism.

The last place given some birdly attention was Miller Park, in north Omaha. It deserved a visit so Monday morning was appropriate. The two groups of different-aged Wood Duck young and an expressive Green Heron made it especially notable.

During the past couple of weeks a lot of parks have been visited, despite the tribulations of rising before the sun, and being out the door within minutes. There would be no indication of the birds at these places if there was no go during the early morning of these notably hot days of summer.

The value shown is the number observed at the designated area. There were fifty-five species present during the bird surveys at these Omaha parks.

Common Name	Ponca Creek, Hummel Park	North Hills, Hummel Park	N.P. Dodge Park	Miller Park	Meadowlane Park	Towl Park	Rockbrook Park	Armbrust Park	Trendwood Park
Canada Goose	- -	- -	29	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Wood Duck	- -	- -	- -	16	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Wild Turkey	- -	- -	1	- -	- -	- -	3	- -	- -
Green Heron	- -	- -	- -	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Turkey Vulture	- -	1	2	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Cooper's Hawk	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	1	- -
Red-tailed Hawk	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Killdeer	- -	- -	4	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Rock Pigeon	- -	- -	- -	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Mourning Dove	- -	- -	6	4	2	3	4	- -	2
Yellow-billed Cuckoo	2	- -	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Chimney Swift	- -	- -	- -	4	- -	23	- -	- -	- -
Ruby-throated Hummingbird	- -	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Red-headed Woodpecker	- -	- -	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Red-bellied Woodpecker	1	- -	- -	- -	1	1	1	1	1
Downy Woodpecker	2	- -	1	1	- -	1	1	- -	1
Northern Flicker	2	- -	2	1	- -	1	1	- -	- -
Eastern Wood-Pewee	2	4	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Eastern Phoebe	- -	1	- -	- -	- -	1	- -	- -	- -
Great Crested Flycatcher	1	1	2	- -	- -	1	- -	- -	- -
Western Kingbird	- -	- -	- -	1	- -	2	- -	- -	- -
Eastern Kingbird	- -	- -	2	1	- -	1	- -	- -	1
Warbling Vireo	- -	- -	1	2	- -	1	- -	- -	- -
Red-eyed Vireo	1	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	1	- -
Blue Jay	1	3	2	1	3	1	5	1	1
American Crow	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	2	2
Purple Martin	- -	- -	5	- -	- -	- -	1	- -	- -
Bank Swallow	- -	- -	2	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Cliff Swallow	- -	- -	5	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Barn Swallow	- -	- -	6	11	- -	1	- -	- -	5
Black-capped Chickadee	2	3	4	2	2	3	2	2	3
Tufted Titmouse	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
White-breasted Nuthatch	5	4	2	1	1	2	3	1	- -
Carolina Wren	- -	- -	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
House Wren	8	6	12	- -	1	1	1	1	- -
Eastern Bluebird	- -	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
American Robin	1	2	11	30	12	12	8	9	4
Gray Catbird	2	- -	1	- -	- -	4	- -	- -	2
Brown Thrasher	- -	- -	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
European Starling	- -	- -	35	28	- -	3	5	- -	9
Yellow Warbler	- -	- -	2	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Scarlet Tanager	- -	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Chipping Sparrow	- -	3	2	3	- -	- -	1	- -	- -
Lark Sparrow	- -	- -	2	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Northern Cardinal	3	6	2	1	3	4	2	1	2
Indigo Bunting	2	1	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Dickcissel	- -	- -	2	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Red-winged Blackbird	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	6	- -	- -	- -
Common Grackle	- -	- -	12	12	2	12	3	- -	3
Brown-headed Cowbird	- -	- -	6	1	- -	4	1	- -	- -
Orchard Oriole	- -	- -	3	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Baltimore Oriole	- -	- -	3	2	- -	2	- -	- -	1
House Finch	- -	- -	- -	2	- -	- -	3	- -	1
American Goldfinch	- -	4	2	2	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
House Sparrow	- -	- -	5	6	- -	6	4	- -	3

There could be additional interesting details indicated by a further analysis of these records, especially regarding numbers, overall distribution, general status including any obvious differences, and more importantly, new occurrences. Suffice it to say, the particular highlights were the Lark Sparrows breeding at N.P. Dodge Park, and the Green Heron at Miller Park.