03 September 2013

Snipe Hunting at Cane Creek Tennessee in 1876

Ledger Lines

Last night a squad of dry goods men visited Nonconnah bottom in order to initiate four of their number into the mysteries of snipe hunting. The would-be hunters had shot snipe in "holg Hengland," but never did, "you know," in this "blarsted" country. As one of them said to another, "It was a bloody good joke, my lad, but some fellahs don't like it, you know."

Snipe Hunting.

Four New Disciples to this Rare and Ancient Sport.

The old game of snipe hunting was perpetrated last night by four dry goods clerks on four of their associates most successfully. The victims are new comers from the North, only one of them having been here any length of time. They are young men of fine intelligence and have seen much of the world, but it was discovered that there was a deficiency in their education; that they had never been initiated into the mysteries of hunting snipe with a bag. Their friends kindly undertook to instruct them a day or two ago, and succeeded so well that the novices know as much about it now as their teachers.

The plan was originally to take the youths across the river and leave them out over night, but this was abandoned on account of the delicate health of one of them. Everything being ready, the party of eight sallied forth last night in the direction of Elmwood cemetery. Each man carried a large course sack bought at the feed store, or a bundle of fat fagots secured at a wood-yard to make torches. It was explained to the verdant youths that Southern snipe roost in the bayous or ravines, and are, when disturbed, easily attracted by a light. The modus operandi is simply to drive them toward a light and catch them in a wide-mouthed sack as they fly blindly at a flaming torch. When the bag is full tie it up and you have your snipes. It works admirably the first time; we have seen it tried often on greenhorns by school-boys as well as on grown men.

Our party marched with great enthusiasm in a crooked direction about five miles and reached a point near Cane creek, where there is a small bayou. As they approached the snipe ground every voice was lowered to a whisper. They walked as softly as cats. It was a moment of supreme excitement. Every man could feel his heart beat. They crept down into the almost dry bed of the bayou, built two little traps of sticks to hold up the bags, and lighted the torches. A man was placed at each trap and two others held bags open with their hands. These four, of course, were the pupils. The others were to go up half a mile by a roundabout way and drive the snipe down the bayou to the torches and into the bags.

The beaters-in started; but strange to say, when they got off a hundred yards or two they concluded to come back to town. It was only a short distance to the Hernando road. That being reached they returned quicker than they went. This was about the time the theater closed. It was a nipping cold night, but the young men with the bags, traps and torches, like faithful pickets on duty, stood their ground nobly, expecting every moment that the snipe would dash into their faces, like birds seeking refuge on a ship at sea during a storm. But nary a snipe. They became anxious about their friends, thinking something had happened, and went to look for them, making inquiry at a house. Still hopeful and confiding in human nature and snipe, they went back and resumed their posts. But there is a limit to human endurance. Some time between twelve and four o'clock they started back to the city, and on reaching their quarters realized they had been made the victims of a huge practical joke. They all took it rather good naturedly, or tried to, but it will not be the best to speak of snipe in their presence for a few days yet. Next!
November 25, 1876. Memphis Public ledger 23(74): 3.


Ledger Lines

The young dry goods clerks who went "snipe hunting" in Cane creek bottom last Friday night are not in the best of humor over the publication of their adventures which appeared in the Ledger of Saturday.

November 27, 1876. Memphis Public Ledger 23(75): 3.

Follies of Oldtime Snipe Hunting in Early 1880s

Snipe Hunting in Nevada.

One of the most interesting snipe hunts of the season took places at Wadsworth one night last week. The method of sacking snipe had been explained to a young many who had recently arrived there, and he was eager to go on a hunt. So, fully instructed, he took up his position on top of a big rock on a hill overlooking the town. He carried with him a red signal lantern and a big dinner-bell. From dark until ten o'clock, for more than two hours, that young man stood on the rock waving his lantern and holding the sack. Sometimes he would ring the dinner-bell with all his might, and then he would shout like one possessed. he kept up an incessant din, never doubting for a moment that the snipe were coming in. The boys had done their work well, and he was fully impressed with the necessity of patience and perseverance to secure a good bag of birds. While this performance was going on the people of Wadsworth had all turned out to watch it. There was the young man high on the hill, in the red glare of his lantern, his yells and shouts ringing in their ears. It was too good. The "boys" just rolled over and over on the flat, delirious with joy, kicking up their heels in an ecstasy of delight. They laughed so much that they could laugh no more. But still, when the red light would be swung and the shouts of "Sni-pe, sni-pe, sni-pe, O sni-pe" would descend from the hill, they would experience fresh convulsions, and double up like youngsters stricken with colic after a feast of green apples. Suddenly the lantern was extinguished and all was silent on the hill. He had "tumbled" and was gone.

October 22, 1880. Jasper Weekly Courier 22(43): 2. From the Reno (Nev.) Gazette. Also in Red Cloud Chief on November 25, 1880.

A Memphis Snipe Hunter

On Monday night a few of the humorous wags induced a verdant Memphis commercial tourist to engage in a "snipe hunt." Bounding with enthusiasm, the party soon found themselves amid the dark and gloomy recesses of Cane creek bottom, and the necessary measures were taken for making a big haul of nocturnal game. The bag was spread, candles lighted and the luckless wight joyfully took his stand to see them enter. The rest then scattered to scour the woods, find the game and drive them in, leaving the solitary watcher alone in his glory. The sequel is too ludicrous to mention. Suffice it to say, the victim will not want to go on a snipe hunt soon amid the Cane creek jungles.

November 28, 1882. Memphis Public Ledger 35(76): 3. From Ripley News.

Doesn't Want Advice From Strangers.

The afternoon of Thanksgiving day was of that dreary, hazy, nonpareil character when the affluent glories of soft Italian rain were slowly fading into the autumnal tints of a blue norther that came streaking down from the bald summits of the Rocky Mountains, and cast its chilling shadows on the shingle roof of the City Hotel at Brenham, Texas. Our scene opens in this famous hostelry.

Five solitary drummers were lying around the stove, and in picturesque groups, but in obedience to the natural instinct all drummers seem to have to impart a fictitious expansion to the truth. They had been lying so much in a professional capacity that it was a treat for them to have a little go as you please lying match with each other on general principles. The subjects under discussion, or rather under prevarication, were fishing, hunting and field sports generally. They told such fearful lies that the very stove turned red, which stove they had surrounded as completely as if it was a country merchant who needed goods.

The youngest commercial emissary in the delegation was a youth named Levi Jacobson, who was raiding on Texas in the interest of Baltimore house in the boot, shoe and clothing line. He did not join the conversation, and there was really no reason for him to do so, as the sacred cause of truth was suffering abundant mutilation as it were, at the hands of the other inquisitors. The reason Levi Jacobson did not volunteer to help was because there were other topics on which he could do better. If they had talked about the drama, or of female loveliness, he would not have been found without something to say, for was he not a critic and a master of the mashers? He prided himself on being one of the knowing one; but having lived all his life in cities or on the road he was somewhat lost when the talk was of quail, trout, deer, and of the rival merits of choke bore, centre fire, 10-calibre, etc., etc., etc.

Snipe were mentioned, and some one made an allusion to that hackneyed old practical joke about catching snipe in a sack, never supposing for a moment that there was any one alive on earth who did not know the joke. Jacobson, however, was ignorant, as he demonstrated by remarking that "those snipe must be stupid, like that ostrich was, to put their head in a bag."

It was nuts to the other drummers to find at last "the most innocent man on the road."

A snipe hunt was at once proposed, Mr. Jacobson to take the leading role and carry the sack and lantern.

They went out about three miles from town in a hack at 9 o'clock at night, across creeks, through woods and swamps, until they came to what the driver said was a good snipe ground, Jacobson was placed in a path with a lantern in one hand and the sack in the other. The rest of the party were to scatter out for some distance, and then to gradually close in and return back to Jacobson, driving the snipe before them. The leading man in the company was instructed how to kill the snipe when he captured the full of the bag, and how to set his trp and wait for more. Then the other drummers went howling out into the darkness in pursuit of snipe.

Mr. Jacobson waited.

Holding the sack made his arms ache.

Bullfrogs croaked.

Jacobson continued to wait.

Owls hooted.

The night grew apace and found Jacobson still waiting for the snipe to come out of the darkness.

It was midnight.

Around the same stove four solitary drummers were gathered. They were full of mirth and gayety, and they laughed loud and long.

Suddenly the laugh died away on their lips, the merry joke was chopped off in its utterance and an unripe pun was hastily thrown under the stove by the long-legged drummer, for there in the doorway stood a ragged and mud-stained remnant — all that was mortal of Jacobson, the snipe hunter.

He said: "My vrends, you thought dot was a good joke, but I vas acquainted vith dot joke sefen years ago. I stayed out vith dot bag there just to see if you was so man as to blay dose tricks on a stranger, and I vants nodings more to do with you."

He refused all overtures looking toward a reconciliation, and went to bed swearing he would leave the place on the next day's evening train. He stayed in his room all of the next morning. The joke got all over town. Mr. Moses Solomons, a leading merchant of the place, thought it was decidedly wrong to have treated Jacobson so badly, and called to make his acquaintance and extend his sympathies.

When he was admitted to Mr. J's room the latter said:

Vat you vants? Guess you would like to go bear-hunting vith me and a flour-sack; or do you vant to have some fun driving jack-rabbits into a mosquito net, eh?"

Mr. Solomons explained that he had heard that the boys had treated Mr. Jacobson rather roughly, and that he had threatened to leave the city without showing his samples. He merely called, he said, to say that the citizens should not be blamed, and to advise that Mr. J. should change his intention and prosecute his business as if nothing had happened.

"I don't vant any advice from stranger. I vas treated padly in this town, and I leaves it right away. There vas no shentlemans in this blace."

Mr. Solomons has a great deal of pride in the social and financial standing of the people of Brenham.

When Mr. Jacobson was dragged from under Mr. Solomons it was found necessary to adjust his scattered Abrahamic countenance with about a yard of court-plaster. He is now travelling in Western Louisiana, and he tells the merchants with whom he does business that he was run over by a hand-car on the Central Railroad.

Juniata Sentinel and Republican 37(6): 1. Issued February 7, 1883.


A K.C. Drummer Goes Snipe Hunting With the Boys.

Saturday night after we had retired tired to our "downy couch", we were aroused by the sound of many voices, some hollowing, laughing and making numerous other noisy expressions, which paralyzed us for a minute, but, recovering, and feeling a sense of duty creeping over us, we got up and stuck our head out of the window to ascertain, if possible what was the cause of the disturbance, but in this we were baffled, for between us and the scene of excitement stood a brick building, and not being able to penetrate its walls, we proceeded at once to don our trousers, and other necessary wearing apparel, and wend our way into the noisy street. When nearing the Medicine Lodge house we saw a large group of men sill circled around some object, which we could not then see, for it was completely hemmed in; this gave us renewed energy, and so we determined to proceed further and investigate the matter, we elbowed our way into the crowd, and what do you think we saw a man, yes, a man, we got closer; we knew we had seen him, but when and where, we put our ponderate brain to work, and in a short time it all came to us, it was Mr. S. H. — of a well-know leather and shoe linings house in Kansas City. We had seen him several times on Saturday, but, oh, my, under much more favorable circumstances. He wore bycickle pants, cut bias, with brake attachment, a "seymore" coat, kid gloves and a dude hat, but it shocks our modesty to describe him there in that crowd with his shoes off, his pants pulled up as far as they would go — owing to the smallness at the bottom, they refused to be pulled up any further, his coat off, and his shirt once white, looked as if it had a dose of eppecach or had been the victim of a cyclone. He was mud from head to foot, and had evidently got into the river. On inquiring of the woe-begone how he got in such a predicament, we were in informed that he had been the victim of a "snipe hunt" He met, and became acquainted with, at Pratt Centre, a Mr. Harrington, traveling for Dignan and McGinnis, St. Louis, and Chas. Beckmeyer, representing McComb Bros., Wichita. They told him that when they got to Medicine Lodge they would get some of the leather men there and go out snipe hunting; To this Mr. H. readily consented. As soon as the drummers got here they informed W. S. Finney, an other member of the leather brigade,of their scheme, and he became one of tho active participants in the hunt. After supper they procured sufficient conveyance to take them to the snipe region, loaded the unfortunate in and left town. They had supplied themselves with a gunny sack and a couple of candles. They took and kept the San City road until they had crossed the river, then they took the ravine for

the hill, not far distant where they halted.

"Now," said Mr. Finney, "we will find plenty of snipe here," and you can hold the sack and candles while we drive them in, pointing to Mr. Harrington."

"Hold," cried Mr. S.H., "let me hold the sack; I want to see them run in. I want to have something to tell the Kansas City girts when I go back."

Well, this was just the part the boys wanted him to play. So they let him hold the sack.

He got down on his knees — candle in each hand, and holding on to the sack — commenced to watch for the snipe. The boys told him that he must not take his eyes off the sack, and so far as they knew, he did not. The mosquitos were bad, but he dare not strike them lest he lose sight of the snipe. The boys got into the buggy and started out to hunt the snipe and drive them in, after they got a short distance, they commenced hollowing "here they are! Look out for them! Hold on to all you get," and the hard-hearted boys pulled out for town and left him there holding the sack. When they got across the river and on an opposite hill they could see him holding the candles. He had to wade or swim the river and walk several miles in order to get to town. It was about 1 o'clock when he got in. The boys had given him a steamboat racket, and it was his intention to take a boat for Kiowa, and then go up Sand creek to Hazleton. But he changed his mind and took the stage early Sunday morning for home.

Well, he will have something to tell the Kansas City girls, but we doubt very much whether he tells it or not. It is hoped he left Medicine lodge a wiser if not a better man.

August 22, 1884. Barbour County Index 5(12): 3.

A Justifiable Attack.

Special to the Gazette.

At Easton recently a young man named Charles Rousseau has been the victim of a series of playful pranks which in the end drove him from home and came near resulting fatally to a young man named Brewster. Rosseau had recently been converted and manifested his religious zeal in a manner offensive to his acquaintances — so much so that they determined to get rid of him by making him the butt of ridicule. A number of pranks were played upon him, the last one being the ancient "snipe hunt," with Rousseau as sack-holder. For three hours he held a sack in the Sabine bottoms, and then wandered through swamps until daylight. The next day, being ridiculed by Brewster, he leaped upon him with an open knife and gashed his arms and sides in a fearful manner, and when taken from him fled. No trace of him can be found. Brewster is not fatally injured. but is in a very bad condition.

October 18, 1884. Fort Worth Daily Gazette 8(283): 1.

That Snipe Hunt.

Now that there has been so much said about the snipe hunt we will give the whole thing away. Our reported was hired to go along and write the thing up. Dr. McAdams came to the reporter's cage and mapped out the whole plan and requested the reporter to engage as war correspondent for the great expedition. The scribe and the pill-slinger went together to Lawrence's drug store, where our hired man was treated to a pocket full of cigars. When the party got to the edge of the brush he thought he had earned his cigars and started back to town, leaving all the fools behind. Of course he filled his contract by writing it up, but the fun of the thing is that the young man who held the bag was not sold at all. He got back to the city before the smart alecks, and when the cost of the bag, two pounds of candles, half a box of cigars and six bottles of whiskey are figured up, it is easy to tell who was sold.

March 13, 1885. Wichita Daily Eagle 1(254): 4.

29 August 2013

Midsummer - An 1878 Poem

Around this lovely valley rise
The purple hills of Paradise.
O, softly on yon banks of haze
Her rosy face the summer lays!
Becalmed along the azure sky
The argosies of cloudland lie,
Whose stores with many a shining rift,
Far off their pearl-white peaks uplift.
Through all the long midsummer day
The meadow sides are sweet with hay.
I seek the coolest sheltered seat,
Just where the field and forest meet —
Where grow the pine trees tall and bland,
The ancient oaks austere and grand,
The fringy roots and pebbles fret
The ripples of the rivulet.
I watch the mowers as they go
Through the tall grass, a white-sleeved row;
With even strokes their scythes they swing,
In tune with their merry whetstones ring.
Behind the nimble youngsters run,
And toss the thick swaths in the sun;
The cattle graze, while warm and still,
Slopes the broad pasture, basks the hill,
And bright, when summer breezes break,
The green wheat crinkles like a lake.
The butterfly and bumble-bee
Come to the pleasant woods with me;
Quickly before me runs the quail, 
The chickens skulk behind the rail,
High up the lone wood-pigeon sits,
And the woodpecker pecks and flits.
Sweet woodland music sinks and swells,
The brooklet rings its tinkling bells,
The swarming insects drone and hum,
The partridge beats his throbbing drum,
The squirrel leaps among the boughs,
And chatters in his leafy house;
The oriole flashes by; and look —
Into the mirror of the brook,
Where the vain blue-bird trims his coat,
Two tiny feathers fall and float.
As silently, as tenderly.
The dawn of peace descends on me.
O, this is peace! I have no need
Of friend to talk, or book to read;
A dear companion hear abides;
Close to my thrilling heart he bides;
The holy silence is His voice,
I lie, and listen, and rejoice.
August 22, 1878. Mower County Transcript 11(21): 5.

The Boblink or Bob-Lincoln - An 1841 Poem

By Thomas Fisher.
Upon New-Hampshire’s grassy hills
My cradle was a tussoc nest,
My lullaby the murmuring rills;
And there my infant dreams were blest
With visions of June’s laughing hours,
And butter-cups and clover-flowers;
And there my father's simple song
Was ‘happy as the day was long;’
I cannot tell, you cannot think,
How bravely there he sang Boblink!
How gay he sung Boblink, Boblink!
Link-link, Boblink! — Boblink, Link-link!
 
While yet the sunlight’s strongest hour
Sheds o’er those hills its genial power,
From day to day we nestlings grew,
And when the mowers struck, we flew:
Dreadful destruction came to pass
O’er all those lovely flowers and grass;
And when the men and maidens came
To spread and rake the fragrant hay,
You would not know the scene the same;
Vast ruin happens in a day!
I cannot tell, you cannot think,
How sad my father sang Boblink!
How mournfully he sang Boblink!
 
Swiftly our orb’s fixed zodiacs run,
That lift and lower the glorious sun,
And soon the slow-declining light
Fell feebly on my native height;
And summer’s scenes and gayest flowers
Gave place to Autumn’s sober hours.
Eternal Instinct’s guardian care,
That guides the wanderers of the air,
Called all the passage-birds away,
Impelled us, though we longed to stay.
The warblers in their native groves,
The web-foots by old ocean's shore,
Rallied their little ones and loves,
To trust the trackless air once more.
 
Albeit our native fields were bright,
And August flowers were blooming nigh,
Our kindred joined the general flight —
Glad pilgrims to a warmer sky;
We knew that Nature’s harvests there
Were spread for every bird of air:
On the free bounty of her store
Trusted our sires in days of yore.
Our beaux were not in summer dress;
They sang their plaintive autumn notes,
Not those the rattle-caps express
When love incites their merry throats;
So sad their hearts, you would not think
They ever sang Boblink—link-link!
 
Bright summer ripens many a seed,
But none more luscious than the reed
That robes the islands and broad shores,
Where to the sea Shanunga* pours;
Thither our countless flights repair,
Like starlings blackening all the air.
’Tis a vast festival; the sportsmen pour
A rolling volley on the shore;
Falcons are there; and all-devouring man
Feasts on fat reed-birds! as on ortolan ;
Till cool September bids our millions fly
To the warm mantle of a sunnier sky;
Then o’er Savannah's fertile delta spread,
The rice-plant waves its many-feeding head;
Your Boblink-Rice-bird takes a bounteous share,
And smooths his plumage in a genial air.
 
Till guardian Nature, that protects us all,
When heroes perish, or when sparrows fall,
Still bids us follow toward the southern zone,
And make the sun’s bright journey all our own.
O’er ‘lands of flowers,’ and o’er the tropic isles
Where all unblanched, perennial verdure smiles;
High o’er the sea-boy through the crimson air,
From isle to isle our myriad swarms repair;
Where Amazon’s luxuriant shores are rife,
And earth’s bright girdle teems with joyous life.
There, while stern winter's deadliest rigors blow,
Our native hills deep-whelmed in drifted snow,
Your Boblink-pilgrim, till life’s span is run,
Worships and migrates with the varying sun:
Until the day-star in his course on high
Wheels his proud chariot in the southern sky,
And strengthening sunlight on our native hills
Wakes from their winter sleep the frozen rills,
And calls the warblers from the orange groves
To the spring scenery of their summer loves:
We take Shanunga’s meadows by the way,
And there we’ll greet you on the third of May:
Our beaux and belles in summer feather,
Our mated birds, gallant and glorious,
We’ll sing for love and lovely weather,
And make the budding groves uproarious.
 
We stay not; for we seek again
Each his own native mountain glen;
And there, when some kind bird will share
Our fondest loves and parent care,
Near the same spot we'll build a nest,
Where erst our infant dreams were blest:
And when the mower whets his sithe,
He'll listen to the Boblink's song:
Earth cannot boast a bird more blithe,
When June's gay hours are bright and long.
September, 1841. The Knickbocker 18(3): 234-236. Only the poetic portion of this article is included.

24 August 2013

Reed Bird History for District of Columbia Area

A prominent, yet relatively unknown, history for Washington, D.C., and the District of Columbia is seasonal occurrence of reed birds and the resultant endeavors by shootists.

The birds were present in the regions many marsh environs for ages following their natural migration cycles. Indians undoubtedly hunt this numerous birds during their pursuits of game.

A first newspaper report was in September 1853, and details given in this summary represent the variety of reports through 1885.

That first report indicated that ortolan, snipe, reed birds and the "blue wing" duck (Wood Duck) were available at the Empire House.

The next month, there was subsequent article, more focused upon the ortloan (Sora), but which mentioned as well the reed bird since there were "high times" in the vicinity, as it had been a great season for both species.

Reporters for the local newspapers continued to effuse about hunting opportunities. The reportorial accounts often included references to the ortolan.

In September, 1855, on the third page of the Washington Evening Star, the story indicated that a "large number of persons" went afield and reed birds "suffered some."

The season was underway, with shootists in pursuit of reed birds and ortolans.

Carcasses of these wild birds could be purchased at the local market for personal consumption, or eaten by epicures at the cities many eateries, including hotels.

The Potomac River was a prominent feature associated with Washington, D.C. news. Among the words, there were reports of reed birds in October 1857. The article was titled "The River," and within the pages of the Washington Star.

News of bird shooting was sporadic, but intermittent as indicated upon the newspaper pages. There were reports of reed birds for sale in the market, as well as numerous accounts of hunting at Analostan Island, in the Potomac River.

A prominent feature for many reed bird reports was an indication that the birds were gathering at the local marshes. Habitats of the Anacostia and Potomac marshes along both of these waterways were especially noted as hunting grounds.

"The Marshes. — The sportsmen who are fond of shooting in the marshes, are now enjoying fine sport along the Anacostia and Potomac. The reed birds and blackbirds are very numerous, and ortolans are attracting the particular attention of 'good shots.' Little boys are making money by hawking reed birds in bunches about the streets. During the month of September there are many little fellows, and some adults, who made good money with their guns and skiffs, shooting reed bird and ortolan for the numerous restaurants of the city. The season for ortolan is but brief, and after the first frost but few gunners enter the marshes to hunt them, it is esteemed as labor lost." — September, 1860

Early the next month, another article provided a different and interesting perspective and insight into the sport.

"Sporting. — This season has not been as extensively enjoyed by the amateur sportsmen of the city as those past. The old sportsmen who for half a century scarcely missed a season, have let this go, and thereby have given opportunity for an increase of game in the season of 1861. Those who have been to the gunning localities report the game in excellent condition, though hot as plentiful as in years past. Indeed it cannot be expected that it should be, for as soon as the season arrives, the fields and marshes are peopled with gunners, professional and amateur, who seldom allow a bird to pass in range of their pieces. Though the reed bird and ortolan are plentiful in the marshes skirting the Potomac and Anacostia, it is with difficulty comparatively that they can be approached, and duck and plover are rareties where a few years ago they were abundant. The rapid growth of the city, the improvement of the fields by the erection of many squares of dwellings within a few years, of course had much to do with driving away the choice game. It has not been a quarter of a century since the entire area of what is now Swampoodle was a sporting range, and the mall from the Capitol grounds to the mouth of the Tiber was another, and plover, snipe, small ducks, & c., were abundant. The sporting grounds are now comparatively small, game scarce, and gunners so numerous and constantly on the hunt, that the game is shy and only practiced marksmen profit by the sport." — October 1860

Some of the articles indicate the numbers of bobolinks taken by shootists.

"Reed Birds Abundant. — The sportsmen in the marshes are quite successful in their expeditions after reed bird. We have heard of several gentlemen bagging over 25 birds each a shot, and last night a gentleman who had been shooting in the Eastern Branch marshes yesterday bagged near two hundred birds, and informed us that he bagged over thirty-five with a single barrel. There is certainly some sport in such gunning." ... — September 1866

This account was among the Alexandria news, as it had originally been issued by the Gazette, and then used by the National Republican.

"It is said that reed birds have been more abundant this season than usual. Great numbers of them have recently been killed by the gunners. They sell at from 37 to 50 cents per dozen, and are in fine order just now. Some are beginning to be brought to market, but they are not plentiful yet." — September, 1869

News from Alexandria regularly included brief news on reed bird and ortolan shooting.

"Large numbers of reed birds continue to be killed in this neighborhood. They sell at from 35 to 40 cts. per dozen." ... — September, 1870
"Reed Birds. — The swamps and marshes near this city now resound during the whole day with the reports of guns of all sorts that are shot at reed birds. The birds are in good condition and sell at fifty cents a dozen." — August, 1872

Court news included the costs of illegal shooting, especially before during the latter days of August.

"A Pot Hunter Fined. — R.H. Lee was charged with killing twenty reed birds, one ortolan, and three black birds in the marshes in the county, yesterday. He plead ignorance of the law, and said he had often killed birds at this season. The birds were produced in the court, and were in a fine condition. He was fined $5 each for the ortolan and black birds, but as the reed birds were not named in the law he was not fined for killing them." August, 1874

The arrests for illegal shooting caused discontent in the city.

"A Game Law Grumble. Editor Star: — A petition is being circulated and signed by a large number of our citizens protesting against arrests of parties for shooting rail or ortolan and reed birds in the District of Columbia before September 5th. It seems that some explorer into the musty and obsolete laws of the county has discovered a clause in some law which prohibits the shooting of these birds of passage during their migration south, while in the limits of the District, although the sportsmen of Virginia and Maryland can shoot them at any time. These birds make the game law for themselves; the time to shoot them is when they are here, and they are then in season; the flight is over from two to three weeks, and the people of the District are deprived of the privilege of shooting these birds until the flight is nearly over. They are here now in full force, and our sportsmen have to stand idly by and see the birds go over into Virginia for the game bags of our more fortunate neighbors. A Lover of Sport." — August, 1877

This is one tragedy of the gunning sport at the marshes.

"Accidental Shooting of a Boy. — While a number of boys were engaged this afternoon in shooting reed birds in the marshes foot of 17th Street, Otto Genzerott, a lad about fourteen years old, residing with his parents on D, between 8th and 9th streets, was accidentally shot in the back part of his head by another boy named Dick Norris. Some men, engaged at work at the 17th-street wharf, brought him in to the shore, and he was placed in a furniture wagon, owned by Lewis Wilson, colored, who with the aid of Officers Clawson and Nicholson brought him to the Central guard-house and a physician had been summoned as The Star went to press. It is believed that his wounds will prove fatal, as the whole load of birdshot entered the back part of his head and neck. His parents were sent for at once, but the sufferer was unconscious from the moment of receiving the wounds." — September, 1877

Illegal taking continued its prominence in the newspapers, despite a law being passed in 1878 which prohibits the killing of ortolan and reed bird prior to September 1st.

"A Police Raid on the So-called Sportsmen Who Kill Game Out of Season. — Yesterday morning Major Morgan instructed the lieutenant of the eighth precinct to put his men in citizens clothes and organize a party to put a stop to the bird shooting on the Eastern branch. This bird shooting has been going on for the last two weeks by a number of strolling gunners. The reed and black birds at this season are rearing their young and are very poor, being nothing but skin and bone after the feathers are stripped from them, yet these loafing gunners commence the slaughter as soon as the birds appear in our river marshes. Lieut. Boteler in obedience to orders, secured a number of boats and divided his men; a part took the boats while the others stationed themselves on either side of the branch for several miles above and below Dennings bridge. The result was that they had a lively chase, completely routing the gunners, capturing two of them and securing a large number of birds. They have got the names of about twenty men engaged in this unlawful business with sufficient proof to convict them in our courts. The penalty is severe, and it is to be hoped Judge Bundy will execute the law with vigor from the start, as it is the only way to stop this business." August, 1879

The following years, some sportsmen also got actively involved in trying to stop violations of the game laws.

"The Alexandria Game Protective Association offers a reward of five dollars for the arrest and conviction of the first person violating the game law, in killing reed birds or sora prior to the 1st of September in the counties of Alexandria and Fairfax. A committee consisting of W.F. Creighton, Joseph Beach and M.B. Harlow has been appointed to have circulars printed for circulation containing the game law of the state." August, 1880

One lad didn't get the news, and went to the D.C. Courts:

Frank Neal, a small colored boy, charged with killing three reed birds and an ortolan out of season. Frank denied the killing, and said he found the birds already killed. The court imposed a fine of $2 per bird, making $8." — September, 1880

Physical degradation of the marsh habitat was found appalling by one gunner.

"A River Nuisance. To the Editor of the Evening Star: Desiring a little pleasure gunning, I repaired to the Potomac marsh to hunt ortolan. Imagine my surprise when I found the shore covered with watermelon rinds and other garbage, which I was informed had been dumped in the Potomac opposite the Arsenal and midway between Washington and Alexandria cities. That Dr. Hamilton should become nauseated at the terrible effluvia arising from the flats is not to be wondered at, as the returning tide brings back to Washington the filth dumped in the river and lands it on the flats to breed all kinds of low fevers and poison the atmosphere of the whole city. You may talk of your tar nuisances, Mr. Editor. Why sir, it is pure and healthful to this stench malaria-breeding river front under this kind of management. Would it not be a good idea to confine the officials responsible for the above-named offenses in a cage on the river front for a few nights, so that they may get a full benefit and know how it is themselves. Give us a remedy! Warwick." — September, 1881

A spectrum of items from 1884 represent the different topics associated with reed birds following their seasonal arrival.

"Violating the Game Law. — Thomas Shelton is a hunter. Last Wednesday Officer Howe saw him coming off the marsh near the Navy yard with a game-bag in his hand, and when he reached the shore the officer walked towards him. Shelton dropped the bag and ran. The officer picked it up and found it contained 129 reed birds, which he carried to the station house. Shelton was arrested yesterday, and charged in the Police Court this morning with having 25 birds in his possession. He pleaded guilty and was fined $50." — September, 1884

He would have been caught on August 27th.

There were two reports about the opening of the legal hunting season.

From Alexandria:

"Notes. — On the neighborhood creek side and marsh the opening of the gunning season was celebrated yesterday by a constant fusilade. Scores of gunners were out after the reed birds. One killed 223 and several killed over 100." — September, 1884

From Washington, D.C.

"Reed Birds and Ortolan. — The season for reed bird and ortolan shooting began yesterday, and in the marshes around the city were many sportsmen intent on the capture of the feathered flyers. Most of the hunters could be found near the Cooley patch, just below Benning's bridge, though good gunning is to be found out as far as Bladensburg. Many of the sportsmen yesterday returned with well filled bags, and the general opinion seems to be that the birds are very plentiful this season, and that much good sport is yet to be enjoyed." — September, 1884

Two final articles will convey some other interesting tidbits about this bird and its expressed history.

"A White Reed Bird. — Mr. Armistead Scott shot and wounded a snow white reed bird in the Analostan marsh yesterday afternoon. It differs only in color from other reed birds. Mr. Scott, who is a well known gunner, and who lives on O street, between 33d and 34th streets, has preserved this unique specimen." — September, 1885
"One Dollar for Shooting a Boy. — A young man named Julian Della was on trial at the mayor's office in Alexandria yesterday charged with shooting a colored boy named James Coleman in that city on Saturday evening last. Several of the boys were examined as witnesses, and their testimony went to show that they were all near the place after reed birds, and that some of them were throwing stones at some birds which had been killed and hung on a fence. Della told them to stop, and seized the gun from a companion and shot Coleman, injuring his, however, but slightly. The shooting, it is claimed, was an accident, and was done only to scare the boys. The case was continued till evening on account of the absence of two witnesses. The culprit was then fined $1 and costs for firing a gun in the streets." — September, 1885

Other articles pertinent to reed bird history in this vicinity occur in subsequent years. It should also be noted that additional items for the period included in this article, could undoubtedly be found if the newspaper issues were browsed and visually searched in detail.

Summary of Known Records

After searching the different newspapers issued at Washington, D.C., numerous records for the reed birds were found. The following is a summary of those records, and an indication of the locality where the birds were taken.

Year Seen Observation Date Record Notes Recorded Site
1853 9/15/1853 observed a splendid lot of reed birds at the Empire House Washington, D.C. Vicinity
1855 9/2/1855 reed birds suffered some Potomac River Marshes
1856 10/2/1856 reed birds are leaving Potomac River Marshes
1860 5/12/1860 reed bird specimen at USNM, collected by Coues District of Columbia

1860
9/8/1860 sportsmen enjoying fine sport; reed birds are very numerous Potomac River Marshes
1860 9/8/1860 sportsmen enjoying fine sport; reed birds are very numerous Anacostia River Marshes
1861 - - 140. Dolichonyx oryzivorous, (Linn.) Sw. Bob-o'-link. Reed Bird. Spring and autumn visitant. In spring from May 1 to 15; in autumn from August 20 to October. District of Columbia
1865 9/12/1865 men peppered by errant shot pellets upon approaching island to see a reed bird shaking in the wind Analostan Island, Potomac River
1866 9/9/1866 Wm. Diggs and Jas. M. Dansey fined for reed bird hunting; each fined $5.44 Analostan Island, Potomac River
1866 9/11/1866 gentleman bagged near two hundred birds; other sportsmen are quite successful Eastern Branch Marshes
1868 - - bobolink; passes in migratory journey Washington City
1868 9/12/1868 marshes and low grounds reported as full of reed birds Alexandria Marshes
1868 9/21/1868 cold weather driving off the reed birds Georgetown, Washington D.C.
1869 9/6/1869 swamps in and around the city are fairly alive with reed birds Potomac River Marshes
1869 9/22/1869 reed birds; great numbers have recently been killed by the gunners; sell at from 37 to 50 cents per dozen Alexandria Marshes
1870 9/14/1870 large numbers of reed birds continue to be killed in this neighborhood; sell at from 35 to 40 cents per dozen Alexandria Marshes
1871 8/22/1871 reed birds have made their appearance in the market Alexandria Marshes
1872

8/30/1872

swamps and marshes resound with reports of guns; the reed birds are in good condition and sell at fifty cents per dozen Alexandria Marshes
1873 - - no count of the reed birds taken Potomac River Marshes
1873 9/13/1873 reed birds are now in excellent condition Alexandria Marshes
1874 8/26/1874 R.H. Lee charged with killing twenty reed birds; not fined since they were not named in the law Potomac River Marshes
1875 5/24/1875 field and meadows abound with bobolinks Potomac River Marshes
1877 - - Dolichonyx oryzivorus District of Columbia Area
1877 8/23/1877 reed birds here now in full force Potomac River Marshes
1877 9/4/1877 number of boys engaged in shooting reed birds in marshes at foot of 17th street; Otto Genzerott accidentally shot in the head Potomac River Marshes
1879 8/25/1879 police raid captured gunners in illegal pursuit of reed birds Potomac River Marshes
1881 8/20/1881 sportsmen shooting reed birds out of season Alexandria Marshes
1881 9/1/1881 Charley Hutton downed 630 reed birds Potomac River Marshes
1881 9/11/1881 Dr. Ball went gunning for reed birds Potomac River Marshes
1882 9/14/1882 O.M. Ball killed a fine lot of reed birds East Washington Marshes
1883 9/1/1883 marshes along the river lively with hunters in search of reed birds Potomac River Marshes
1883 9/6/1883 reed birds at their full; birds in active demand at the market; John P. Sousa took numerous reed birds Potomac River Marshes
1883 9/13/1883 Jones took 71 reed birds East Washington Marshes
1883 9/14/1883 George Egloff bagged 41 reed birds on the eastern marshes East Washington Marshes
1883 9/17/1883 game confined to small marsh game such as reed birds Potomac River Marshes
1883 9/20/1883 William Wagner bagged 37 reed birds East Washington Marshes
1884 8/27/1884 Thomas Shelton dropped game bag near Navy Yard; it contained 129 reed birds; Shelton was arrested, pleaded guilty and was fined $50 Potomac River Marshes
1884 9/1/1884 many sportsmen intent on the capture of reed birds; most hunters found near Colley patch, just below Benning's bridge Potomac River Marshes
1884 9/22/1884 nearly all of the reed birds have left the upper oatfields East Washington Marshes
1885 9/1/1885 marshes filled with sportsmen gunning for reed birds Potomac River Marshes
1885 9/1/1885 marshes filled with sportsmen gunning for reed birds East Washington Marshes
1885 9/9/1885 Armistead Scott shot a snow white reed bird Analostan Island, Potomac River
1885 9/12/1885 Julian Della shot a colored boy; buys throwing stones at reed birds Alexandria Marshes

Reed Bird Prices in the Washington, D.C. Market

There was a lively trade in game birds at the Washington, D.C. markets. An appreciated autumn treat for gourmands and epicures, especially, were the reed birds captured at marshes along the nearby Potomac River.

As these birds arrived in latter August, gunners were in pursuit, as reported in newsy bits or more on pages of the local newspapers. The taking was a task undertaken by sporting enthusiasts, while shootists were actively involved to acquire as many as possible. They could be readily sold for cash money to a vendor at the city market.

Some of the first records of this game trade are known for September 1859, as indicated upon the pages of the Washington Star. The cost was apparently 50 cents per dozen, though the item in the paper did not indicate what the given price would buy.

Multiple market reports were just one of the two prevalent means for the newspapers to report reed birds being in the vicinity, as there were many other reports of shootists afield.

A report for primarily the Center (Centre) Market is an essential feature of this indicative bird history, since there are other first-hand reports involving birds being shot, illegal taking, shooting accidents and other particulars as discovered among the historic chronicles.

What an interesting view it conveys!

The patrons of the market dealt with unwelcome conditions. Presenting a quote from the Washington Star (December 15, 1855), the words upon the newspaper page said: "It was cheerless this morning to see the butchers at Centre Market in great coats, and their purchasers keeping their umbrellas up as they selected their supplies. When shall we have a market worthy of the Metropolis?"

On a regular basis, some of the various newspapers issued from Washington, D.C., indicated market prices for various items, sometimes given in a columnar format, and other times with the text included within a larger paragraph.

Game was a commodity, and the details can now be known because of an attentive editor that determined, so many times, that the paper should indicate what is costs to purchase various items. Usually the wild aspect was designated as game.

Most of the available reports are for the items purchased at a retail price. The market report most often presented the item, and cost per unit, but occasionally there was something extra of interest included:

  • 09/27/1862 — reedbirds plentiful and in condition, and selling at 75 cents per dozen
  • 10/03/1868 — reed birds, 50 c to $1.50 per dozen
  • 09/02/1882 — reed birds, have appeared to-day; the prices are fancy, altogether
  • 09/16/1882 — reed birds are plentiful; one dealer has 350 dozen on hand to-day; they are shipped away at $1 per dozen

Reed birds were one of several marketable birds. The terse items within local newspapers have specifics for more than fifty records which convey details and prices as reported more than fifty times. Any mention was typically limited to a indication of the species, and the cost for a purchase at the primary market. This meant the Centre or Center Market where the birds were sold, though there was no indication of the number presented at the market.

"Centre Market. — The market opened this morning with an unusual supply for the beginning of the week. The small attendance of Saturday offered a limited supply, and the increase today was in consequence of that scarcity. The high water has furnished an overstock of ortolan and reed birds; they being driver to the fields are easily killed by sportsmen. They were selling very low this morning." — September 20, 1859. Washington D.C. Evening Star 14(2067): 3.

The price was 50 c a bunch about this date, according to reports.

This was an outside market, and vendors and customers had to deal with the vagaries of the weather conditions.

A report from March 1867, indicates that the limits of the Center Market where: "beginning 15 feet from the corner of the street and Pennsylvania avenue curbatone, on the line of 7th Street, and running southerly to the canal, thence along said canal to 15 on 9th street, intersect the corner or northern side of said market, thence along the line of said market on Louisiana avenue to the place of beginning. There were regulations which applied to this market space, including permits and date when sales were allowed. It was a regulated place which got particular attention.

In 1874, a report from the Health office of the Health Department, indicated the overall extent of items sold during the year prior to the report issued, ending September 30, 1874.

Woodcocks ... 215 dozen
Pheasants ... 421 dozen
Partridges ... 3,000 dozen
Robins ... 310 dozen
Cedar Larks ... 150 dozen
Prairie Chickens ... 615 dozen
Wild Ducks ... 13,000 dozen

A few years later, further regulation reduced the extent of tainted products. The result was a perceptible improvement, and the newspaper article indicated a "spirit among the dealers to emulate each other in making the best show." Amount meat condemnation was significantly less, with several days where "not a single pound was condemned."

There was also a market dealers protective association actively involved. They indicated problems associated with their trade, and pleading for relief from administrative "burdens."

In 1878, a law was passed to prohibit the taking of reed birds prior to September 1st, which would influence when the birds might arrive in the market.

Bobolink Prices

This is a table which indicates the different prices paid for dead reed birds from 1859 to 1885, in association with the Washington, D.C. market. These birds were indicated as reed birds, usually expressed as a cost per dozen, with the expense significance for gourmands and epicures, especially at the city eateries. Not all records were extracted for this review, but typically were recorded on a bi-weekly basis. Market reports were evaluated by browsing the newspapers, and with an assist from search options for the online versions of the newspapers.

Details are summarized according to julian date and year of presentation. Obviously reed birds were an especial item in the markets, and indicated many times by the local newspapers. A summary provides the insight, but there is more to discern about this one particular topic of historic ornithology where a bunch of the reed birds cost from 60 cents to never more than $2.00 per dozen, and typically less than $1 per dozen. The value shown is the lesser price report, as often a price range was indicated (i.e., 50 @ 60 c per dozen, or, 60 @ 75 c per dozen)

These birds were available for purchase, usually from the last days of August, through mid-November.

Julian Date 1859 1860 1862 1863 1865 1868 1872 1873 1874 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885
235 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
242 - - - - - - - - - - 0.40 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
243 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.60 - - - -
245 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.00 - - - - - -
246 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
247 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.40 - - - - - - - - - -
248 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.60 - -
249 - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - - - - - - - - 0.50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
251 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.60 - - - - - - - -
252 - - - - - - - - 1.00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.60
253 0.50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
255 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.50 - - - - - - - - - - - -
256 - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.60 - -
258 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - - - - - -
259 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.00 - - - - - -
260 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
261 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.40 - - - - - - - - - -
262 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 0.60
263 0.00 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - - 0.75 0.75 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
265 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
266 - - - - - - - - 1.50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
269 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.60 - - - - - - - - - - - -
270 - - - - 0.75 - - - - 0.75 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - -
272 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - - - - - -
273 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.60 - - - - - - - -
274 0.50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
276 - - - - - - 1.25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.60 - - - - - - - - - - - -
277 - - - - - - - - - - 0.50 - - 0.75 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
279 - - 0.62 - - - - - - - - 2.00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
282 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - - - - - - - - - -
284 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.60 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
288 0.50 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
290 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.60 - - - - - - - - 0.75 - -
293 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.00 - - - - - -
294 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.60 - - - - - - - -
296 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - - - - - - - - - -
304 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.00 - -
308 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.60 - - - - - - - -
310 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - - - - - - - - - -
312 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
318 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.00 - -
326 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.75 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

These are unique details associated with just one species associated with the Washington, D.C. markets, as there were several other species of wild birds taken that went into the city to be sold.